electrolyte imbalance manifestations and tx Flashcards
1
Q
hypokalemia
A
muscle weakness, cramping fatigue nausea, vomiting irritability, confusion decreased bowel motility paresthesia dysrhythmias flat/inverted T waves
2
Q
hyperkalemia
A
peaked T waves ventricular dysrhythmias muscle twitching and paresthesia (early) ascending muscle weakness (late) increased bowel motility
3
Q
hyponatremia
A
weakness lethargy confusion seizures headache anorexia, nausea, vomiting muscle cramps, twitching hypotension tachycardia weight gain, edema
4
Q
hypernatremia
A
fever swollen, dry tongue sticky mucous membranes hallucinations lethargy, restlessness, irritability seizures tachycardia hypertension hyperreflexia, twitching pulm edema
5
Q
hypocalcemia
A
tetany, cramps paresthesia dysrhythmias Trousseau's sign Chvostek's sign seizures hyperreflexia impaired clotting time
**phosphorous has an inverse relationship with calcium
6
Q
hypercalcemia
A
muscle weakness, hypercalciuria/kidney stones dysrhythmias lethargy/coma hyporeflexia pathological fractures flank pain deep bone pain polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration hypertension nausea, vomiting
**phosphorous has an inverse relationship with calcium
7
Q
hypomagnesemia
A
paresthesias dysrhythmias trousseau's sign chvostek's sign agitation, confusion hyperreflexia hypertension insomnia, irritability anorexia, nausea, vomiting dysphagia
8
Q
hypermagnesemia
A
hypotension drowsiness bradycardia bradypnea coma cardiac arrest hyporeflexia nausea, vomiting facial flushing
9
Q
hypophosphatemia
A
paresthesia muscle weakness bone pain and deformities chest pain confusion seizures nystagmus
**phosphorous has an inverse relationship with calcium
10
Q
hyperphosphatemia
A
tetany, cramps paresthesias dysrhythmias trousseau's sign chvostek's sign hyperreflexia anorexia, nausea, vomiting soft tissue calcifications
**phosphorous has an inverse relationship with calcium
