electrolyte imbalance

Question 1

hyponatremia physical exam

Answer 1

urine specificity- <135

apprehension, personality change, hypo-tension, dizziness, abd cramping, n/v, diarrhea, increased hrt, dry mm, coma

Question 2

hyponatremia causes

Answer 2

n/d/v/ 
perspiration, 
burns, polydipsia, 
SIADH
diuretics
adrenal insufficiency

Question 3

hypernatremia physical exam

Answer 3

extreme thrist, dry, flush skin, sticky tongue and mucous membranes, hypotension, fever, agitation, restless, convulsions
NA>135 and urine specificity >1.030

Question 4

hypernatremia causes

Answer 4

excess NA
diabetes inspidus
water loss
water deprivation

Question 5

hypokalemia physical exam

Answer 5

weakness , fatigue, muscle weakness, n/v, decreased DTR, ventricular dysrhtymias, parenthesis and irregular pulse
LABS- ekg- flat t waves, st depression, u wave, dig effects? <3.5

Question 6

hypokalemia causes

Answer 6

K- wasting diuretics
n/v/GI losses
aldosterone secretion
polyuria
extreme sweating
tx of DK with insulin

Question 7

hyperkalemia s&S

Answer 7

anxiety, dysrhythmias, paresthesia, weakness, abd cramps and diahrrhea
labs >5.0, peaked T wave, wide QRS leads to cardiac arrest

Question 8

hyperkalemia causes

Answer 8

renal failure
fluid volume deficit
burns/trauma from cellular damage
adrenal insufficiency
acidosis- diabetic ketoacidosis
K - sparing diuretics

Question 9

hypocalemia physical exam

Answer 9

n/t of fingers, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, msucle cramps, contraction of muscle when facial nerve tapped
labs <4.5 EKG shows v tach

Question 10

hypocalemia causes

Answer 10

rapid administration of blood transfusions, hypoalbuminemia,
hypo-parathryoidism, vit D def, alkalosis, CRF, chronic alcoholism

Question 11

vit B 12 def

Answer 11

fsdaf