electrolyte imbalance

Question 1

symptoms of hypoNA

Answer 1

headaches
nausea and vomiting
confusion
convulsion
cramps
drowsiness

Question 2

HypoMagnesaemia normal value

Answer 2

0.7 to 1.05 mmol/l

Question 3

Hypercalcaemia caused by parathyroidism

Answer 3

Cinalcet or paracalcitol

Question 4

REDUCED B12

Answer 4

METFORMIN
COLCHININE
PPI

Question 5

hyperNA symptoms

Answer 5

convulsion
thirst
dehydration
oliguria
postural hypotension
tachycardia

Question 6

Hypercalciuria DRUGS THAT CAUSE IT

Answer 6

Bendroflumethazide

Question 7

HYPOKALAEMIA MILD TREATMENT

Answer 7

ORAL SLOW POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

Question 8

Hyperphosphataemia treatment

Answer 8

Calcium containing preps

Question 9

sodium range

Answer 9

133-146mmol/l

Question 10

drugs that cause HYPO

Answer 10

antidepressants
carbamazepine
loop and thiazide diuretics (bendro, furosemide, spironolactone
desmopressin

Question 11

hyperkalaemia normal value

Answer 11

3.5 to 5.3mmol/L

Question 12

HYPOKALAEMIA SYMPTOMS

Answer 12

MUSCLE HYPOTONIA
ARRHYTHMIAS

Question 13

REDUCE FOLATE

Answer 13

ANTICONVULSANTS
SULFASALAZINE
METHOTREXATE
TRIMETHOPRIM

Question 14

Hypercalcaemia of malignancy

Answer 14

Calcitonin

Question 15

HYPOKALAEMIA - DRUGS THAT CAUSE

Answer 15

DIURETICS
INSULIN
BETA AGONIST
THEOPHYLLINE
CORTICOSTEROIDS

Question 16

Hypercalcaemia normal value

Answer 16

2.10- 2.58mmol/l

Question 17

Phosphate normal value

Answer 17

0.85 to 1.45 mmol/l

Question 18

DRUGS THAT CAUSE HYPOMAG

Answer 18

PPI
DIGOXIN
DIURETICS
AMINOGLYCOSIDES

Question 19

Hypercalcaemia drugs that cause it

Answer 19

Bisphosphonates or corticosteroids

Question 20

treatment for severe FOR HYPONA

Answer 20

IV saline (isotonic -peripheral vein / concentrated via central vein)
slowly risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome

Question 21

Rehydration

Answer 21

Oral rehydration therapy - potassium, sodium and glucose over 12 hours or 3/4 hours in diarrhoea

Question 22

treatment for mild to moderate

Answer 22

oral sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate (add glucose if water depletion)

Question 23

drugs that cause hyper

Answer 23

oral contraceptives
corticosteroids
sodium bicarbonate
sodium content in IV antibiotics
lithium

Question 24

Water deficit replacement

Answer 24

Iv glucose - not alone unless no significant loss of electrolyte eh diabetes insp

Question 25

Hypocalcaemia severe or tetany

Answer 25

Slow iv calcium gluconate

Question 26

Metabolic acidosis treatment

Answer 26

Sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate if caused by potassium

Question 27

ACUTE,SEVERE HYPERKALAMEIA >6.5MMOL/L

Answer 27

SLOW IV CALCIUM GLUCONATE
IV INSULIN, GLUCOSE AND SALBUTAMOL CAN BE GIVEN IN ADDITION

Question 28

SEVERE HYPOKALAEMIA

Answer 28

IV POTASSIUM CHLORIDE - USE READY MIXED OR THOROUGHLY MIX CONCENTRATE

Question 29

Metabolic acidosis - hyperchloraemia - normal value

Answer 29

103 mmol/l

Question 30

hyperkalaemia mild to moderate with no ECG changes

Answer 30

CALCIUM RESONIUM

Question 31

hyperkalaemia -symptoms

Answer 31

ven fib
cardiac arrest

Question 32

hyperkalaemia - drugs that cause it

Answer 32

heparin
ACEI
ARB
digoxin
beta blockers
eplerenone
amiloride
NSAIDS
spironolactone
MEFENAMIC ACID
TRIMETHOPRIM

Question 33

Hypophosphataemia

Answer 33

Phosphate give iv if moderate to severe

Question 34

Hypocalcaemia mild to moderate treatment

Answer 34

vit d and calcium supplements

Question 35

HypoMagnesaemia TREATMENT

Answer 35

Iv or IM magnesium sulphate