Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ALS > Electrolyte Imbalance > Flashcards

Electrolyte Imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of hyperkalaemia (7)

A

Renal failure
Drug (ACEi, trimethoprim, K-sparring diuretics, NSAIDs, BB)
Tissue breakdown (rhabdo, haemolytic, tumour lysis)
Metabolic eg DKA
Endocrine: Addisons
Diet
Spurious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalaemia

A

Weakness progressing to flaccid paralysis
Decreased reflexes
Paraesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

A

1st degree HB
Flattened/absent p waves
Widened QRS
Tall tented t waves
ST depression
S and T merging (sine wave)
VT
Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risks of hyperkalaemia treatment

A

Hypoglycaemia
Tissue breakdown due to calcium
Rebound hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of hypokalaemia (6)

A

GI losses
Drugs (diuretics, laxatives, steroids)
Renal loss (renal tubular disorders, diabetes insipidus , dialysis)
Endocrine (Cushings, hyperaldosteronism)
Metabolic alkalosis
Magnesium depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms hypokalaemia

A

Fatigue, weakness, leg cramps, constipation
If severe: rhabdo, paralysis, resp difficulties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ECG features hypokalaemia

A

U waves
T flattening
ST changes
Arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes hypercalcaemia

A

Hyperparathyroid
Malignancy
Sarcoidosis
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symptoms hypercalcaemia

A

Confusion, weakness, abdo pain, hypotension, arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ECG features hypercalcaemia

A

Short QT
Wide QRS
Flat T waves
AV block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment hypercalcaemia

A

Fluid replacement
Furosemide
Hydrocortisone
Pamidronate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes hypocalcaemia

A

Renal failure
Pancreatitis
CCB overdose
Toxic shock
Rhabdo
Tumour lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms hypocalcaemia

A

Paraesthesia
Tetany
Seizures
AV block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ECG features hypokalaemia

A

Long QT
TWI
Heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment hypocalcaemia

A

Calcium
Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes hypermagnesaemia

A

Renal failure
Iatrogenic

17
Q

Symptoms hypermagnesaemia

A

Confusion
Weakness
Resp depression
AV block

18
Q

ECG features hypermagnesaemia

A

Long PR and QT
T Wave peaking
AV block

19
Q

Treatment of hypermagnesaemia

A

Calcium
Ventilators support
Saline diuresis(saline + furosemide)
Haemodialysis

20
Q

Causes hypomagnesaemia

A

GI loss
Polyuria
Starvation
Alcoholism
Malabsorption

21
Q

Symptoms hypomagnesaemia

A

Tremor
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Seizures
Torsades de pointes

22
Q

ECG features hypomagnesaemia

A

Long PR and QT
ST depression
TWI
flat p waves
Wide QRS
Torsades de pointes

23
Q

Treatment of hypomagnesaemia

A

Magnesium sulfate

24
Q

Managing arrest in dialysis

A

Trained nurse to operate and remove dialysis machine
Return patients blood volume with fluid bolus
Can use dialysis access for drug treatment
Prompt management of hyperkalaemia

ALS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions