Electrolyte Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

Hypokalemia: ECG and Etiology

A
  1. Hypokalemia ECG: U waves, flat/inverted T waves, increased QT interval
    1. Very common in hospital or office
    2. Etiology
      1. Diuretics
      2. metabolic alkalosis (transcellular shift of K+ into cell)
      3. high aldosterone (Conn’s, Cushings)
      4. beta-agonist overdose
      5. diarrhea
      6. renal loss
    3. ECG
      1. “U” waves, inc QT interval, flat or inverted T wave
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2
Q

Hyperkalemia: ECG and etiology

A
  1. Hyperkalemia ECG: peaked T wave, wide QRS, increased PR interval, loss of P wave
  2. Etiology
    1. Renal failure (insufficiency)
    2. metabolic acidosis
    3. DKA
    4. cell breakdown (hemolysis, Rhabdomyolysis)
  3. ECG
    1. Peaked T wave
    2. wide QRS
    3. inc PR interval
    4. loss of P wave
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3
Q

Hypocalcemia: EKG and etiology

A

Hypocalcemia: Prolongation of QT interval (QTc corrected for rate)

  1. Etiology
    1. Chronic renal failure
    2. Vitamin D deficiency
    3. hypoparathyroidism
    4. acute pancreatitis
    5. hypomagnesium
  2. ECG
    1. Prolongation of QT interval (QTc corrected for rate)
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4
Q

Hypercalcemia: ECG and etiology

A
  1. Hypercalcemia: short QT and ST
    1. Etiology
      1. Hyperparathyroidism
      2. malignancy
      3. granulomatous disorders (TB, sarcoid)
      4. endocrine disorders (adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroid)
  2. ECG
    1. Short QT interval
    2. Short ST segment
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5
Q

Hypomagnesium: ECG and etiology

A

Hypomagnesemia: prolonged PR, QT, wide QRS, decreased T wave

  1. Etiology
    1. Poor nutrition
    2. alcoholism
    3. dec absorption
    4. renal
    5. magnesium loss via diuretics
  2. ECG
    1. Prolonged PR
    2. wide QRS
    3. prolonged QT
    4. dec T wave
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6
Q

Hypermagnesmia

A

Hypermagnesemia

  1. Etiology
    1. Renal failure
    2. magnesemia containing drugs
  2. ECG: nothing in powerpoint except image of ECG
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7
Q

Match the description

  1. Tall symmetrically peake T waves with narrow base
  2. T wave flattening
  3. T wave duration normal
  4. T wave flattening and inversion
  5. prolonged T waves
  6. diffuse, wide, deeply inverted T waves
A
  1. Tall symmetrically peake T waves with narrow base: hyperkalemia
  2. T wave flattening: hypokalemia
  3. T wave duration normal: hypocalcemia
  4. T wave flattening and inversion: digitalis
  5. prolonged T waves: class 1a anti-arrythmics, phenothiazines, tri-cyclic antidepressants
  6. diffuse, wide, deeply inverted T wave: CNS insult
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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A

hypokalemia

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10
Q
A

hypokalemia

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11
Q
A

hypokalemia

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12
Q
A

hypokalemia

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13
Q
A

hyperkalemia

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14
Q
A

hyperkalemia

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15
Q
A

hyperkalemia

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16
Q
A

hyperkalemia

17
Q
A

hyperkalemia

18
Q
A

hyperkalemia

19
Q
A

hypercalcemia

20
Q
A

hypercalcemia

21
Q
A

hypocalcemia

22
Q
A

hypocalcemia

23
Q
A

hypocalcemia

24
Q
A

hypomagnesium

25
Q
A

hypermagnesium

26
Q
A