Electrolyte Disturbances Flashcards
1
Q
Hypokalemia: ECG and Etiology
A
- Hypokalemia ECG: U waves, flat/inverted T waves, increased QT interval
- Very common in hospital or office
- Etiology
- Diuretics
- metabolic alkalosis (transcellular shift of K+ into cell)
- high aldosterone (Conn’s, Cushings)
- beta-agonist overdose
- diarrhea
- renal loss
- ECG
- “U” waves, inc QT interval, flat or inverted T wave
2
Q
Hyperkalemia: ECG and etiology
A
- Hyperkalemia ECG: peaked T wave, wide QRS, increased PR interval, loss of P wave
- Etiology
- Renal failure (insufficiency)
- metabolic acidosis
- DKA
- cell breakdown (hemolysis, Rhabdomyolysis)
- ECG
- Peaked T wave
- wide QRS
- inc PR interval
- loss of P wave
3
Q
Hypocalcemia: EKG and etiology
A
Hypocalcemia: Prolongation of QT interval (QTc corrected for rate)
- Etiology
- Chronic renal failure
- Vitamin D deficiency
- hypoparathyroidism
- acute pancreatitis
- hypomagnesium
- ECG
- Prolongation of QT interval (QTc corrected for rate)
4
Q
Hypercalcemia: ECG and etiology
A
- Hypercalcemia: short QT and ST
- Etiology
- Hyperparathyroidism
- malignancy
- granulomatous disorders (TB, sarcoid)
- endocrine disorders (adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroid)
- Etiology
- ECG
- Short QT interval
- Short ST segment
5
Q
Hypomagnesium: ECG and etiology
A
Hypomagnesemia: prolonged PR, QT, wide QRS, decreased T wave
- Etiology
- Poor nutrition
- alcoholism
- dec absorption
- renal
- magnesium loss via diuretics
- ECG
- Prolonged PR
- wide QRS
- prolonged QT
- dec T wave
6
Q
Hypermagnesmia
A
Hypermagnesemia
- Etiology
- Renal failure
- magnesemia containing drugs
- ECG: nothing in powerpoint except image of ECG
7
Q
Match the description
- Tall symmetrically peake T waves with narrow base
- T wave flattening
- T wave duration normal
- T wave flattening and inversion
- prolonged T waves
- diffuse, wide, deeply inverted T waves
A
- Tall symmetrically peake T waves with narrow base: hyperkalemia
- T wave flattening: hypokalemia
- T wave duration normal: hypocalcemia
- T wave flattening and inversion: digitalis
- prolonged T waves: class 1a anti-arrythmics, phenothiazines, tri-cyclic antidepressants
- diffuse, wide, deeply inverted T wave: CNS insult
8
Q
A
9
Q
A
hypokalemia
10
Q
A
hypokalemia
11
Q
A
hypokalemia
12
Q
A
hypokalemia
13
Q
A
hyperkalemia
14
Q
A
hyperkalemia
15
Q
A
hyperkalemia