Electrolyte Disturbances Flashcards
Give the set rate parameters for
TV
PEEp
PiP
PS
IPAP
EPAP
Freq
MAP
Amplitude
Bias flow
TV 4-8ml/kg
PEEp 4-10
PiP. 15-30
PS. 8-20
IPAP. 10-20
EPAP. 4-8
Freq. 10-15
MAP. 10-20
Amplitude. 20-30
Bias flow. 8-15
What is the normal range for serum sodium levels?
135-145 mEq/L
True or False: Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L.
True
What is the primary treatment for hypernatremia?
Gradual rehydration with hypotonic fluids.
Fill in the blank: The most common cause of hyponatremia is ______.
excessive fluid intake.
What is the maximum rate of sodium correction to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome?
No more than 8-10 mEq/L per day.
What electrolyte disorder is characterized by a serum potassium level greater than 5.0 mEq/L?
Hyperkalemia
True or False: Hypokalemia can be treated with potassium chloride supplements.
True
What is the initial treatment for severe hyperkalemia?
Administer calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
What is the normal range for serum potassium levels?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Fill in the blank: The treatment for hypocalcemia may include ______ supplementation.
calcium
What is the common drug used to treat hypercalcemia?
Bisphosphonates
What is the normal range for serum magnesium levels?
1.7-2.2 mg/dL
True or False: Magnesium sulfate is used to treat severe hypomagnesemia.
True
What is the recommended intravenous dose of magnesium sulfate for acute hypomagnesemia?
1-2 g over 15 minutes.
What is the primary cause of hypermagnesemia?
Renal failure.
What is the treatment for severe hyperphosphatemia?
Phosphate binders.
Fill in the blank: The normal range for serum phosphate levels is ______.
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
What is the formula to calculate the corrected calcium level in the presence of low albumin?
Corrected calcium = Measured calcium + 0.8 x (4 - Albumin)
What is the first-line treatment for symptomatic hypocalcemia?
Intravenous calcium gluconate.
True or False: Loop diuretics can cause hypokalemia.
True
What is the main adverse effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
What is the treatment approach for asymptomatic hyponatremia?
Fluid restriction.
Fill in the blank: The use of ______ can help to lower serum potassium levels in hyperkalemia.
insulin and glucose.
What is the most common cause of hypomagnesemia?
Chronic diarrhea.
What is the recommended dose of oral potassium chloride for mild hypokalemia?
20-40 mEq per day.
What condition is characterized by a serum chloride level less than 98 mEq/L?
Hypochloremia.
