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Chemistry Paper 1 > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the literal definition of electrolysis

A

splitting up with electricity

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2
Q

anode

A

positive electrode

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3
Q

cathode

A

negative electrode

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4
Q

electrolyte

A

liquid or solution containing an ionic compound which allow for ions to freely move

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5
Q

purpose of battery in electrolysis

A

passes electric current from anode to cathode

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6
Q

when ions reach the electrode they are…

A

discharged(become a neutral atom)

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7
Q

oxidisation is

A

losing electrons

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8
Q

reduction is

A

gaining electrons

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9
Q

half equation at anode (positive electrode):

A

negative ion —> neutral atom + electron(s)

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10
Q

half equation at cathode:

A

positive ion + electron(s) —> neutral atom

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11
Q

electrolysis is using (long definition)…

A

electricity to convert ions in a compound into neutral atoms by transferring electrons from negatively charged ions to positively charged ions

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12
Q

metals often exist as

A

oxides

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13
Q

to get pure metals from metal oxides we have to

A

remove oxygen

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14
Q

cheapest removal of oxygen from metal oxides

A

using carbon to displace metal

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15
Q

what is the drawback of using carbon to displace metal in metal oxides

A

very few metals are less reactive than carbon, the rest are not displaced

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16
Q

what are the elements less reactive than carbon on the reactivity scale?

A

zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper

17
Q

electrolysis is expensive because it

A

requires a lot of energy to melt metal oxides

18
Q

electrolysis only works if ions can

A

move

19
Q

what must metal oxides be for electrolysis to occur

A

molten (electrolyte)

20
Q

metal oxides have very high melting points, what do we mix them with to lower the melting point

A

cryolite

21
Q

what does cryolite do?

A

lowers the melting point of metal oxides

22
Q

soluble solutions can be

A

dissolved in water to form an electrolyte

23
Q

in aqueous solutions, ions from compounds are present as well as

A

ions from water: H+ and OH-

24
Q

in solution, water splits into its ions:

A

H20 —> H+ + OH-

25
Q

what is the rule for the cathode in aqueous electrolysis

A

hydrogen is always discharged unless copper is present

26
Q

what is the rule for the anode in aqueous electrolysis

A

hydroxide always discharged unless Group 7 ion is present

Chemistry Paper 1 (1 decks)

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