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Spdx > Electrocardiogram > Flashcards

Electrocardiogram Flashcards

1
Q

On September 20th 1786 he wrote “I had dissected and prepared a frog in the usual way and while I was attending to something else I laid it on a table on which stood an electrical machine at some distance from its conductor and was separated from it by a considerable space.

A

Luigi aloisio galvani

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2
Q

On ___________________ he wrote “I had dissected and prepared a frog in the usual way and while I was attending to something else I laid it on a table on which stood an electrical machine at some distance from its conductor and was separated from it by a considerable space.

A

September 20th 1786

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3
Q

Italian scientist realizes that electricity is associated with the heart beat.

A

Carlo Matteucci

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4
Q

Irish scientist analyzes the electric pattern of frog’s heart.

A

M a r y

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5
Q

Who credited for the invention of EKG

A

William Einthoven

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6
Q

using the ______________, William Einthoven diagnoses some heart problem

A

string electrometer EKG

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7
Q

the noble prize for physiology or medicine is given to for his work on EKG

A

William Einthoven

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8
Q

defined and position of chest leads

A

AHA and Cardiac society of great Britain

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9
Q

increased Wilson’s Unipolar lead voltage by 50% and made
Augmented leads

A

Goldberger

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10
Q

A Dutch doctor and physiologist.
He invented the first
practical electrocardiogram and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it

A

William einthoven

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11
Q

has evolved into compact electro systems that often include computerized interpretation of the electrocardiogram.

A

Modern ECG machine

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12
Q

Is a graphic recording of the electrical
activity of the heart

A

ECG or electrocardiogram

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13
Q

ECG Converts the heart’s electrical activity into
lines called

A

Waveforms

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14
Q

Can be seen on a monitor or printed out
paper

A

ECG or electrocardiogram

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15
Q

measurement of ST-segment
depression in exercise stress testing.

A

J-60 point

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16
Q

measurement of ST-segment elevation and
ST segment depression in most instances.

A

J point

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17
Q

The reference level for measuring ______________________is not the
TP interval.

A

ST-segment
deviation (depression or elevation)

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18
Q

The reference level for measuring ST-segment
deviation (depression or elevation) is not the
________________.

A

TP interval

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19
Q

The correct reference level is the

A

PR segment

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20
Q

This reference (PR segment) level is also called

A

Base level or isoelectric level

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21
Q

THE WIRING DIAGRAM OF THE HEART

A

SA node fires.

Excitation spreads through atrial myocardium.

AV node fires.

Excitation spreads down AV bundle.

Purkinje fibers distribute excitation through ventricular myocardium.

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22
Q

PURPOSE/IMPORTANCE ECG

A

❖verify these alterations in heart rhythm
❖provides information about the specific type
of heart disease
❖provides information about which region in
the heart is affected.

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23
Q

REASON WHY ECG IS DONE

A

❖If the patient had heart disease in the past.
❖If the patient has a medical condition that predisposes to
heart disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, high
cholesterol, or inflammatory disease.
❖If the patient has other significant risk factors for cardiac
disease.
❖An ECG is also required prior to any type of heart surgery.

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24
Q

INDICATIONS ECG

A

❖ heart arrhythmias
❖ conduction abnormalities
❖ Myocardial infarction
❖ CAD
❖ hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
❖ signs of congenital electrical abnormalities
❖ electrolyte imbalances
❖ congenital heart defects
❖ infections involving the heart

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25
Q

is a safe test that does not cause
health complications.

A

ECG

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26
Q

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL: Before the Examination

A

• No preparation required for taking ECG.

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27
Q

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL: During the Test

A

• Pre-Test- Once in position, a total of ten electrodes are
attached with a sticky, but easy-to-remove adhesive. One
electrode is placed on each arm and leg, and six on the chest.

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28
Q

How many electrode that are attached to the patient

A

10

29
Q

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL: POST TEST- AFTER THE TEST the electrodes
are removed

A

• There are no limitations on patient’s activity
• Rarely, the adhesive can cause allergic reactions or rashes,
which may not be obvious until about 24 hours after the test.

30
Q

RESPONSIBILITIES OF ECG TECHNICIAN

A

1.The technicians should remind the patients to lie flat and
relaxed as possible
2.Remind the patient not to wear jewelries/metal during
ECG.
3.Check the machine for proper standardization.
4.Check if the machine is properly grounded.
5.The technicians should ensure correct placement of leads
while taking ECG

31
Q

ECG EQUIPMENT

A

ECG machine
Electrodes
LEAD WIRES OR CABLE CONNECTIONS (Clip and Snap)
ECG paper

32
Q

• Are applied at specific locations on
the patient’s chest wall and
extremities to view the heart’s
electrical activity from different
angles and planes

A

Electrodes

33
Q

LEAD WIRES OR CABLE CONNECTIONS

A

Clip and snap

34
Q

• is a graph paper used to measure rates
of impulse formation and the duration
of the electrical events that occur in
the heart

A

ECG PAPER

35
Q

• Made up of vertical and horizontal lines,
which form large and small boxes

A

ECG PAPER

36
Q

is a medical
test that is recorded using leads, or nodes,
attached to the body.

A

12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

37
Q

sometimes referred to as ECGs, capture the
electrical activity of the heart and transfer it to
graphed paper.

A

12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)

38
Q

The ECG is made up of 12 characteristic views of the heart:

A

§ 6 from limb leads
§ 6 from chest leads

39
Q

The ECG is made up of _____ characteristic views of
the heart

A

12

40
Q

6 LIMB LEAD

A

3 Bipolar limb leads

3 Unipolar Augmented leads

41
Q

3 Bipolar limb leads

A

(Standard limb leads)- I, II, III

42
Q

3 Unipolar Augmented leads

A

(aVR, aVL, aVF)

Obtained through 4 electrodes
placed on the RA,RL,LA,LL

43
Q

6 CHEST LEADS has

A

V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6

44
Q

Electrode positioned in the 4th intercostal space in the right sternal border

A

V1

45
Q

4th ICS in the left sternal border

A

V2

46
Q

Midway between V2 and V4

A

V3

47
Q

5th ICS in the left midclavicular line

A

V4

48
Q

Same level as V4, anterior axillary line

A

V5

49
Q

Same level as V4 and V5 ,midaxillary line

A

V6

50
Q

is the first positive deflection
on the ECG

A

P wave

51
Q

It represents atrial depolarization /
contraction

A

P wave

52
Q

Normal duration: P wave

A

< 0.12 s (< 120ms or 3
small squares)

53
Q

In a sinus rhythm, there should be a P
wave before each __________

A

QRS complex

54
Q

Represents ventricular depolarization.

A

QRS complex

55
Q

QRS COMPLEX Composed of 3 waves:

A

Q wave
R wave
S wave

56
Q

is the first negative deflection.

A

Q wave

57
Q

is the first positive deflection
after the P wave.

A

R wave

58
Q

is the negative deflection
following R wave.

A

S wave

59
Q

Measured from the beginning of P
wave to the beginning of QRS
complex.

A

PR interval

60
Q

The normal PR interval is___________
sec, represented by 3-5 small
squares.

A

0.12 - 0.2

61
Q

The normal PR interval is 0.12 - 0.2
sec, represented by ________ small
squares.

A

3-5

62
Q

an isoelectric line representing early
ventricular repolarization

A

ST segment

63
Q

is the positive
deflection after each QRS
complex.

A

T wave

64
Q

It represents ventricular
repolarisation.

A

T wave

65
Q

results from slow repolarization
of ventricular Purkinje fibers

A

U wave

66
Q

is a small (0.5 mm)
deflection immediately following
the T wave, usually in the same
direction as the T wave.

A

U wave

67
Q

represents total time required
for ventricular depolarization
& repolarization from the
beginning of QRS complex to
the end of T wave

A

QT segment

68
Q

normal QT interval is

A

0.36 - 0.45 sec

Spdx (4 decks)

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