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BRAUNWALD’S CARDIOLOGY > ElectroCardiogram > Flashcards

ElectroCardiogram Flashcards

1
Q

Resting state, myocytes are POLARIZED, the inferior wall of every cell ________-ly charged.

A

NEGATIVE

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2
Q

Depolarized stimulates the heart myocytes, they become POSITVE and
_______.

A

CONTRACT

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3
Q

Phase when cell inferiors become positive

A

DEPOLARIZATION

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4
Q

Phase when cell interiors return to back to NEGATIVE

A

REPOLARIZATION

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5
Q

Refers to a positive electrode actively recording a patient’s EKG

A

Positive

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6
Q

Hearts dominant pacemaker

A

SA NODE (SINUS NODE)
Sinus rhythm

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7
Q

The ability of the SA NODE to generate pacemaking stimuli known as?

A

Automaticity

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8
Q

Wave on ECG recorded for atrial depolarization

A
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9
Q

Valves prevent ventricle to atrium blood back-flow and they electrically insulate the ventricles from the atria.

A

ATRIO-VENTRICULAR (AV) valves

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10
Q

Right side of the heart recieves under oxygenated VEVOUS blood from all over the body, and pumps it into the____?

A

LUNGS

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11
Q

The RV contracts, forcing the under-oxygenated venous blood through the pulmonary valve into the PULMONARY ___

A

ARTERY

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12
Q

LA contracts, forcing OXYGENATED blood through ____valve into the left ventricle.

A

MITRAL

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13
Q

muscular left ventricle contracts, forcing oxygenated blood through the ____into the aorta?

A

AORTIC VALVE

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14
Q

on EKG, Depolarization of the entire ventricular myocardium produces?

A

QRS complex

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15
Q

Wave is the first downward deflexion of the QRS complex

A

Q wave

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16
Q

Repolarization is accomplish by __ions leaving the myocytes

A

Potassium — K+

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17
Q

QT interval represents the duration of ventricular___ and is measured from the beginning of the QRS until the end of the T T wave.

A

SYSTOLE

18
Q

Amount of time represented by the distance between TWO HEAVY BALCK LINES is

A

0.2 of a second

19
Q

How many seconds, Each small divisions ( measured horizontally between fine lines) represents?

A

0.04 of a second

20
Q

Four of the small squares represents___ of a second?

A

0.16

21
Q

Hormones secretes by the terminal ends of SYMPATHETIC nerves that activates the ADRENERGIC receptors

A

Nor-epinephrine

22
Q

Neurotransmitter secrete by the terminal PARASYMPATHETIC nerve ends, that activates cell RECEPTORS called CHOLINERGIC receptors.

A

ACRTYLCHOLINE

23
Q

Receptors activates the heart in sympathetic system

A

Heart B1

24
Q

Cardiac excitatory effects
( Sympathetic system)

A

Increase of SA Node pacing
Increase rate of conduction
Increase force of contraction
Irritability of FOCI

25
Q

Receptors activates by Parasympathetoc system

A

CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM

26
Q

Cardiac Inhibitory effects

A

Decrease all

27
Q

Effects of VAGAL MANUEVERS

A

Parasympathetic reflex
—inhibits focus ( atrial or AV junctiona)
SVT convert to Sinus Rhythm

Inhibits AV node
Diagnostic aid
•With 2:1 AV block
• with atrial flutter

28
Q

Type of hypotension secondary to abrupt fall in blood pressure caused by failure of these compensatory sympathetic mechanisms.

A

ORTHOSTATIC

29
Q

Receptors are cardiovascular sensors
That the body uses to detect changes in BP

A

BARORECEPTORS

30
Q

Impaired parasympathetic reflex in elderly due to inadequate peripheral vasoconstriction.

A

Neurocardiogenic syncope

31
Q

Location of SA NODE

A

upper-posterior wall of RIGHT Atrium

32
Q

Focal areas of Automaticity in the heart?

A

Automaticity foci

Potential pacemaker that are capable of pacing in the emergency situations

33
Q

Node where the tail of the VECTOR

A

AV node

34
Q

biphasic P wave seen on ECG

A

Atrial enlargement

35
Q

P wave interval msec?

A

< 120 msecs

36
Q

PR interval normal interval

A

< 200 msec

37
Q

QRS duration normal interval?

A

< 110-120 msecs

38
Q

Receptors activated by sympathetic system?

A

Adrenergic receptors
Cardiac B1

39
Q

Receptor activates by Parasympathetic system

A

CHOLINERGIC

40
Q

Neurotransmitter release by Parasympathetic nerves?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Inhibitory

41
Q

Neurotransmitter release by sympathetic system?

A

Norepinephrine

Activates the Heart B1
Stimulates the SA node

BRAUNWALD’S CARDIOLOGY (5 decks)

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