Electro Flashcards
PSRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio. Expressed in dB
Leakage Current
Leakage current is also any current that flows when the ideal current is zero. Such is the case in electronic assemblies when they are in standby, disabled, or “sleep” mode. These devices can draw one or two microamperes while in their quiescent state compared to hundreds or thousands of milliamperes while in full operation. These leakage currents are becoming a significant factor to portable device manufacturers because of their undesirable effect on battery run time for the consumer.
Quiescent Current
Same as leakage current
14G FDR and 28G EDR.
InfiniBand is a switched fabric communications link used in high-performance computing and enterprise data centers.
single data rate (SDR), double data rate (DDR), quad data rate (QDR), fourteen data rate (FDR), and enhanced data rate (EDR).
InfiniBand offers point-to-point bidirectional serial links intended for the connection of processors with high-speed peripherals such as disks
VGAA variable-gain or voltage-controlled amplifier
electronic amplifier that varies its gain depending on a control voltage (often abbreviated CV)
SAS: 6G moving to 12G and 24G. PCI Express: Gen2 5G moving to Gen3 8G & Gen4 16G
Serial attached SCSI, a computer bus technology for the transfer of data to and from storage devices (e.g., hard disks)
CATV
Cable Television
VCSO
Voltage Controlled SAW Oscillator
ODU/IDU
Outdoor Device Unit / Indoor Device Unit
NEM
Network Equipment Manufacturer
What is a Spur?
Spurs (short for ‘spurious’), are extraneous, undesired signals that appear at the output. They are the result of non-linear operation of the circuit or device.
In the case of Fractional-N PLL’s and PLL+VCO products, the largest and most dominate ‘spur’ is known as the ‘Integer-N Boundary Spur’. These spurs will occur when the PLL is programmed to a frequency that is near a harmonic multiple of the comparison frequency (usually less than a ‘loop bandwidth’ away from the harmonic multiple). Under these conditions, this spur can range in the -50 to -60dBc range. When programmed such that the harmonic multiple is farther away than a loop bandwidth, the spur receives ever increasing attenuation from the loop filter so it’s amplitude decreases.
PLL Figures of Merit (FOM)
Used to compare PLLs and VCOs
Easy to compare different operating frequencies and phase detector conditions
PLL FOM Floor Scaling vs Freq
+20dB/decade vs VCO freq
-10dB/decade vs Phase Detector freq.
PLL FOM Flicker Noise (1/f) scaling
+20dB/decade vs VCO freq
-10dB/decade vs flicker offset
TAM
Total Available Market, (Focus on total market / size), Example: Total LED Market
SAM
Served/Serviceable Available Market (Focus on your own technology/ services) Example: Living colors LED market < segment of total LED market
SOM
Serviceable Obtainable Market (Which realistic market share can be obtained by myself, considering competition, countries, my sales/distribution channels and other market influences? ) Example: My realistic goal to sell Living Color Products into the LED market.
Slew rate
81ns per 1.326ms
PFD rate
MSL
Moisture Sensitivity Level
Timing Slip
Leakage Current
Leakage current is also any current that flows when the ideal current is zero. Such is the case in electronic assemblies when they are in standby, disabled, or “sleep” mode. These devices can draw one or two microamperes while in their quiescent state compared to hundreds or thousands of milliamperes while in full operation. These leakage currents are becoming a significant factor to portable device manufacturers because of their undesirable effect on battery run time for the consumer.
PFD
Phase Frequency Detector: Compares output phase To with reference phase Tr and generates a corresponding output voltage
CP: Charge pump
Converts the PFD digital voltage pulses into an analog control signal
VCO: Voltage controlled oscillator
is precisely frequency and phase tuned by the PLL circuit
Output Divider M
scales the VCO frequency as desired
RF Divider N
is set to a frequency division values as follows fref divides evenly into fvco N=fvco/fref
Delta-Sigma Modulator (DSM)
handles the cases where fref divides unevenly into fvco and a fractional remainder exists
Exact frequency Mode
used to set precise channel Steps
FIB
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) system uses a Ga + ion beam to raster over the surface of a sample in a similar way as the electron beam in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ion beam allows the milling of small holes in the sample at well localized sites, so that cross-sectional images of the structure can be obtained or that modifications in the structures can be made. The applications of FIB include :
- cross-sectional imaging through semiconductor devices (or any layered structure)
- modification of the electrical routing on semiconductor devices
- failure analysis
- preparation for physico-chemical analysis
- preparation of specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
- preparation of samples for AtomProbe analysis
- micro-machining
- mask repair
- non-semiconductor applications
CFP
C form-factor pluggable (CFP) is a multi-source agreement to produce a common form-factor for the transmission of high-speed digital signals. The c stands for the Latin letter C used to express the number 100 (centum), since the standard was primarily developed for 100 Gigabit Ethernet systems.
While the electrical connection of a CFP uses 10 x 10 Gbit/s lanes in each direction (RX, TX)[1] the optical connection can support both 10 x 10 Gbit/s and 4 x 25 Gbit/s variants of 100 Gbit/s interconnects (typically referred to as 100GBASE-LR10 and 100GBASE-LR4 in 10 km reach, and 100GBASE-ER10 and 100GBASE-ER4 in 40 km reach respectively.)[2]
In radio, every signal will leaked to other circuits area of the circuits… the goal is to control as leakage as much as posible. hence, the isolation factor specified in dB usually around 40 db
Digital
predistortion (DPD)
Digital
predistortion (DPD) has
emerged as the preferred
method of PA linearization.
A great deal of focus is paid
to the DPD algorithm but
another critical element is
the RF feedback receiver.
Since the purpose of the DPD loop
is to measure the PA transfer function,
it is not necessary to separate the carriers or demodulate the digital data.
