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Electricty Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Supply the source of energy, connected to another cell= battery.

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2
Q

Conductor:

A

is anything that allows electrons to flow through easily

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3
Q

bulb

A

coverts electrical energy into heat and light energy.

resistor

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4
Q

Switches

A

complete/ breaks circuit

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5
Q

Resistors

A

resists the flow of electrical energy

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6
Q

Rheostat

A

variable resistor

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7
Q

electricity

A

is the flow of electrons through a circuit.

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8
Q

Circuit

A

Collection of wires, switches, resistors, bulbs through which electrons flow.

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9
Q

Power

A

power is the rate at which work is done.

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10
Q

What is power in a circuit?

A

in electrical circuits resistors covert electrical energy into other forms of energy.
the power rating of a resistor is an indication of how fast is carries out this conversion.

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11
Q

Power formula:
P=w/t
P=VI

A 
P= power measured (watts- W)
w= work measured (Joules- J)
t= time (seconds- s)
v= voltage/pd (Volts- V)
I= current measured (amperes- A)
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12
Q

Charge

A

electrons are very small talk of them in groups

a group of electrons is called a Coulomb of charge.

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13
Q

Charge Formula:

Q= It

A 
Q= charge (coulombs- C)
I= Current (Amperes- A)
t= time (seconds- s)
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14
Q

How does conduction happen in a metal?

A

firstly the atoms in metal consist of positive charges surrounded by negative charges
in metal atoms are closely packed but some negative charges can escape their attractive forces to the positive charges and move around freely this is how electricity is conducted through a metal.

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15
Q

Electric Current

A

electric current is the flow of charge (positive to negative) from one point to another in an electric circuit.

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16
Q

Conventional current:

A

the flow of positive charges (holes) from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a cell.
conventional current= I
——>——- (indicates flow of current)

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17
Q

What indicates direction in which electrons are flowing?

A

e-

——->——–

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18
Q

Current strength

A 
Current strength is the rate at which  a charge passes a given point in a conducting wire.
measured ammeter (amperes- A)
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19
Q

How is the current strength affected when passing through an appliance and why?

A

the current flowing into an appliance is equal to the current coming out because the electrical energy used up in a circuit is NOT the current or charges.

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20
Q

Potential difference:

A

the pd between two points in a conductor is the work done per unit charge to move the positive charge (conventional current) from one point to another.

21
Q

Potential difference formula:

V= w/Q

A 
w= work done measured in Joules (J)
V= pd measured in Volts (V)
Q= amount of charge measured in Coulombs (C)
22
Q

What happens to the amount of energy when it goes into a resistor and why?

A

The amount of energy that charges carry when they come out of a resistor is less than when they went into the resistor this is because of pd across a resistor. (diff energy one side to another) e.g. positive terminal cell= lacking electrons and negative= lots of electrons, the difference between the two is the pd.

23
Q

Work and energy:

A

When charges move through resistor there is a transformation of energy this can be said as work done (w) by the resistor
work and energy measured in Joules (J)

24
Q

What makes something connected in series or parallel?

A

something is connected in series when there is only one path for the electrical current to flow
something in parallel has two or more paths for the current to flow through

25
What is a cell connected in series and the advantages and disadvantages?
a cell in series= +terminal of cell connected to - terminal of next cell, only one path current to flow through. the pd is increased which means current is stronger and the light is therefore brighter. is one cell is working the whole circuit won't work. the cells don't last as long
26
How to you calculate the pd of cells in series?
add each cell connected in series x+x+x (three cells) =3xV
27
How do you calculate the pd of cells in parallel?
We only take into account one branch parallel system when calculating pd. e.g. each cells equal to 1.5V then the total pd= 1.5V
28
Give the disadvantages and advantages of having cells connected in parallel:
The current not as strong, because split therefore the light is less bright is one cell breaks the other cell will continue working the cells last longer, because less energy drawn off individual cells.
29
Voltmeter:
Measures the difference in energy per charge between two points in a circuit. called voltage or pd measured in volts (V) Voltmeter has a high resistance, connected in parallel so that the current doesn't only go through the voltmeter.
30
Ammeter:
Ammeter measures the strength of electric current. | very low resistance so the current flows trough without resistance therefore connected in series.
31
Resistance:
resistance of conductor is a measure of the difficulty charges experience in passing through a conductor. good conductor= low resistance bad conductor= high resistance
32
What is resistance caused by?
resistance is caused by collisions between moving negative charges and stationery positive charges, this interferes with the flow of charges.
33
What happens to charges when they move through an electrical conductor?
As charges try to move through a conductor electrical energy is used up and converted into other types of energy e.g. heat, light, kinetic.
34
What is resistance measured in?
omhs (Ω)
35
Factors affect resistance:
Type of metal length of conductor thickness temperature
36
Type of metal as factor of resistance:
copper better conductor than tungsten therefore copper used to connect components in circuit because less resistance, so that energy is not used up and wasted inn crying current between components. tungsten is used in lightbulbs where high resistance is required to produce light energy.
37
Length as factor that affects resistance.
longer the conductor greater the resistance
38
Thickness as factor that affects resistance.
the thinner wire greater resistance, the thicker the wire less resistance.
39
Temperature as factor that affects resistance:
as temperature increases so does resistance because the particles vibrate more rapidly as the temperature increases, making it more difficult for particles to move through resistor.
40
Omh's law
Current strength is directly proportional to pd between the ends of a given resistor provided that the temperature remains the same.
41
Resistance calculation- ohms law: | R=V/I
``` R= resistance measured ohms I= current (amperes- A) V= PD or voltage (V) ```
42
Formula calculating resistance in parallel:
1/RP=1/R1+1/R2 etc 1/RP= 1/x RP/1=x/1 RP=xomhs
43
Formula calculating resistance in series:
``` RS= R1+R2 etc RS= x omhs ```
44
Parallel circuit rule:
Current total divides between the parallel section | the pd remains constant
45
Series circuit rule:
the current remains constant potential dividers: resistors in series are potential dividers because each resistor is going to use a certain amount of energy from the battery, the pd will be dropped across each resistor
46
What does strength of electromagnet depend on?
current in conductor number of turns of wire around core quality of metal which core is made of
47
``` what is: electrolysis electrode electroplating electrolyte ```
electrolysis is the process whereby electric current passed through a solution cause a chemical changes. electrode- rod/plate in electrolyte electrolyte- liquid solution can conduct electricity through it. electroplating- cover metal using electrolysis in other metals like copper.
48
What happens when current passes through conductor?
when an electric current passes through a conductor which offers resistance to the passing of a current, the conductor is heated. this type of conductor is called a resistor

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