Electricity unit Flashcards
electrical energy
Energy is the ability to do work, where work is done when a force moves an object.
static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
proton
a stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron, but of opposite sign.
electron
a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
neutral charge
A normal atom has a neutral charge with equal numbers of positive and negative particles.
charge separation
charge separation is the process of an electron in an atom or molecule, being excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of a photon and then leaving the atom or molecule to a nearby electron acceptor.
electrical discharge
electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas.
van de graaff
Van de Graaff generator is an electrostatic generator which uses a moving belt to accumulate electric charge on a hollow metal globe on the top of an insulated column, creating very high electric potentials.
electrical current
electric current is a flow of electric charge.
amperes
(or amp) is the base unit of electric current in the International System of Units.
voltage
an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts.
circuit
a roughly circular line, route, or movement that starts and finishes at the same place.
load
electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power.
source
sources are defined as the resources for electric power.
conductor
a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of an electrical current in one or more directions.
potential difference
the difference of electrical potential between two points.
volt
volt (symbol: V) is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force.
voltmeter
an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.
insulators
Insulators are used to protect us from the dangerous effects of electricity flowing through conductors. (wood, and rubber)
3 prong plug
three-prong plug is an electrical connector that ensures proper grounding of the electrical circuit with the connected device.
fuse
provide (a circuit or electrical appliance) with a fuse
circuit breaker
an automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric circuit as a safety measure.
electrochemical cell
electrochemical cell is a device capable of either generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitating chemical reactions through the introduction of electrical energy.
dry cell
an electric cell in which the electrolyte is absorbed in a solid to form a paste, preventing spillage.
electrolyte
a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis. (the stuff in a battery)
ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
electrode
a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region.
wet cells
a primary electric cell in which the electrolyte is a liquid.
primary cell
an electric cell that produces current by an irreversible chemical reaction.
rechargeable cell
is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.
secondary cell
A rechargeable electric cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by a reversible chemical reaction.
battery
a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
electrolysis
chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions.
electrochemistry
the branch of chemistry that deals with the relations between electrical and chemical phenomena.
electroplating
coat (a metal object) by electrolytic deposition with chromium, silver, or another metal.
SECTION 2——>
technologies can be used to transfer and control electrical energy
superconductors
a substance capable of becoming superconducting at sufficiently low temperatures.
resistor
a device having a designed resistance to the passage of an electric current.
resistance
the ability not to be affected by something, especially adversely.
ohms
the SI unit of electrical resistance, expressing the resistance in a circuit transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one volt
variable resistor
An electronic component that is used to vary the amount of current that flows through a circuit.
rheostat
an electrical instrument used to control a current by varying the resistance.
ohm’s law
The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to the current through it. The constant of proportionality is called the “resistance”, R.
voltage drop
is defined as the amount of voltage loss that occurs through all or part of a circuit due to impedance.
millivoltmeter
is an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
ammeters
an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.
galvanometers
an instrument for detecting and measuring small electric currents.
multimeters
an instrument designed to measure electric current, voltage, and usually resistance, typically over several ranges of value
schematic diagram
a schematic diagram, in particular of an electric or electronic circuit.symbolic and simplified.
series circuit
is a closed circuit in which the current follows one path, as opposed to a parallel circuit where the circuit is divided into two or more paths.
parallel circuit
is a closed circuit in which the current divides into two or more paths before recombining to complete the circuit.
transistor
a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification.
microcircuits
integrated circuits
a minute electric circuit, especially an integrated circuit.
