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RHS Physics > Electricity Unit > Flashcards

Electricity Unit Flashcards

1
Q

Electricity

A

The presence and flow of electric charge.

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2
Q

Electric charge

A

A fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force in an electric field.

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3
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

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4
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

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5
Q

Neutron

A

A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

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6
Q

Coulomb (C)

A

The SI unit of electric charge, equal to the charge of approximately 6.242 × 10¹⁸ electrons.

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7
Q

Law of Conservation of Charge

A

Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one object to another.

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8
Q

Static electricity

A

The accumulation of excess electric charge on an object’s surface.

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9
Q

Conductor

A

A material that allows electric charges to flow easily.

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10
Q

Insulator

A

A material that does not allow electric charges to flow easily.

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11
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

The law stating that the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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12
Q

Electric force

A

The force exerted between charged objects.

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13
Q

Electric field

A

A region around a charged object where electric forces can be experienced.

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14
Q

Field lines

A

Imaginary lines representing the direction and strength of an electric field.

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15
Q

Electric potential energy

A

The energy stored in a charged object due to its position in an electric field.

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16
Q

Voltage (Potential Difference)

A

The difference in electric potential between two points in a circuit, measured in volts (V).

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17
Q

Volt (V)

A

The SI unit of electric potential difference, equal to one joule per coulomb.

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18
Q

Electric potential

A

The electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field.

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19
Q

Capacitor

A

A device that stores electric charge and energy in an electric field.

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20
Q

Capacitance

A

The ability of a capacitor to store charge, measured in farads (F).

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21
Q

Electric current

A

The flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).

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22
Q

Ampere (A)

A

The SI unit of electric current, defined as one coulomb per second.

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23
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

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24
Q

Ohm (Ω)

A

The SI unit of electrical resistance.

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25
Ohm’s Law
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance: V = IR.
26
Series circuit
A circuit in which components are connected end-to-end, so the same current flows through each component.
27
Parallel circuit
A circuit in which components are connected across common points, allowing multiple paths for current flow.
28
Circuit diagram
A schematic representation of an electric circuit using symbols for components.
29
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
The sum of the voltage drops around a closed circuit loop is equal to the total voltage supplied.
30
Kirchhoff’s Current Law
The total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving the junction.
31
Electrical power
The rate at which electrical energy is converted into another form of energy, measured in watts (W).
32
Watt (W)
The SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second.
33
Electrical energy
The energy carried by moving electric charges.
34
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
A unit of electrical energy equal to the power consumption of 1,000 watts for one hour.
35
Joule (J)
The SI unit of energy, used to measure electrical work.
36
Resistor
A component that limits or controls the flow of electric current.
37
Battery
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy to provide a voltage source.
38
Switch
A device that opens or closes an electrical circuit.
39
Fuse
A safety device that melts and breaks a circuit when too much current flows through it.
40
Circuit breaker
A safety device that automatically stops current flow in an overloaded circuit.
41
Magnetic field
The area around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected.
42
Electromagnet
A magnet created by an electric current flowing through a coil of wire.
43
Solenoid
A coil of wire that generates a magnetic field when current passes through it.
44
Transformer
A device that changes the voltage of an alternating current (AC).
45
Induction
The process of generating an electric current by changing a magnetic field.
46
Alternating current (AC)
An electric current that changes direction periodically.
47
Direct current (DC)
An electric current that flows in only one direction.
48
Generator
A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
49
Motor
A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
50
Superconductor
A material that has zero electrical resistance at very low temperatures.
51
52
Arduino
An open-source microcontroller platform used for building electronic projects.
53
Microcontroller
A small computer on a single chip that controls devices in embedded systems.
54
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
A software application used to write, compile, and upload code to an Arduino.
55
Sketch
A program written for Arduino using the Arduino IDE.
56
Setup() function
An Arduino function that runs once at the beginning of a program to initialize settings.
57
Loop() function
An Arduino function that runs repeatedly after the setup() function to execute the main code.
58
Digital pin
A pin on the Arduino that reads or writes HIGH (1) or LOW (0) signals.
59
Analog pin
A pin on the Arduino that reads or writes variable voltage values for more precise control.
60
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
A technique used to simulate analog output by rapidly switching a digital signal on and off.
61
Resistor (in Arduino circuits)
A component used to limit current flow and protect components in a circuit.
62
Breadboard
A reusable platform for prototyping circuits without soldering.
63
Jumper wires
Wires used to make connections between components on a breadboard.
64
LED (Light Emitting Diode)
A small electronic component that emits light when current flows through it.
65
Servo motor
A motor that rotates to a specific angle based on coded instructions.
66
Sensor
A device that detects environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, light, motion) and sends data to the Arduino.
67
Serial communication
A method of sending and receiving data between the Arduino and a computer using the serial monitor.
68
Libraries
Prewritten code collections that extend Arduino functionality for specific components (e.g., Servo, Wire, LiquidCrystal).
69
Upload
The process of transferring a compiled program from the Arduino IDE to the microcontroller.
70
Shield
A circuit board that attaches to an Arduino to add extra functionality (e.g., Wi-Fi, motor control).
71
I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
A communication protocol that allows multiple devices to communicate using only two wires (SDA and SCL).

RHS Physics (1 decks)

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