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National 5 Physics > Electricity and Energy > Flashcards

Electricity and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of Electrical Charge?

A

Positive and Negative

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2
Q

What do like charges do?

A

Repel
(Positive Repels Positive)
(Negative Repels Negative)

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3
Q

What do opposite charges do?

A

Attract
(Negative attracts Positive)
(Positive attracts Negative)

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4
Q

Describe the model of an atom?

A

Contains Protons which have a positive charge, neutrons which have no charge and electrons which have a negative charge.

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5
Q

How do we charge materials?

A

Giving the material electrons which will make it negatively charged or by removing electrons to make it positively charged.

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6
Q

Electrons are the only thing that can do what?

A

Move

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7
Q

What is an electric current?

A

An electric current is a flow of negatively charged electrons.
An electric current flows from negative to positive

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8
Q

What is electric charge measured in?

A

Coulombs, C

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9
Q

Describe Ohms Law?

A

Voltage = Current x Resistance

V=IR

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10
Q

What do you call an opponent that obeys ohms law?

A

An ohmic component

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11
Q

As the voltage across a bulb increases, what happens to the current?

A

Current also increases

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12
Q

How can the resistance of a wire be altered?

A

Changing length, material or thickness?

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13
Q

Describe the difference in resistance when the wires factors are changed?

A

A long wire has a greater resistance than a short wire

A thick wire has a lower resistance than a thin wire

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14
Q

How do we calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

RT= R1 + R2 = R3

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15
Q

How do we calculate the total resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2

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16
Q

What is voltage?

A

The voltage is the energy provided for every coulomb of charge

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17
Q

What can voltage also be measured in?

A

Joules per Coulomb

18
Q

What is the definition of the volt?

A

If 1 joule of work is done in moving 1 coulomb of charge between 2 points, the potential difference between the 2 points is 1 volt

19
Q

What are some of the uses for Electrostatics?

A 
Making photocopies
removing dirt from air
spraying car bodies
Spraying crops
cling film
20
Q

Describe the terms insulators and conductors?

A

Insulators do not allow an electric current to flow through them
Conductors allow an electric current to flow through them

21
Q

Explain Direct Current?

A

Direct Current flows from the negative side of the power supply to the positive side.
Batteries and cells provide a direct current

22
Q

Explain Alternating Current?

A

An alternating current flows from one side of the power supply for a short period of time then travels to the other for a short period of time.
(Alternates Direction)
Mains supply provides an alternating current

23
Q

What is the frequency of mains supply?

A

50Hz

24
Q

What is mains voltage and mains peak voltage is?

A

230V

325V

25
Q

A big resistance means what in relation to voltage?

A

Bigger share of the voltage?

26
Q

When the temperature increases what happens to the resistance of the thermistor?

A

Resistance of thermistor decreases

27
Q

When the light intensity increase what happens to the resistance of the L.D.R?

A

Resistance of L.D.R Decreases

28
Q

What Equation links power, current and voltage?

A

P=IV

29
Q

What does the power rating of an appliance tell us?

A

The rate at which electrical energy is used

30
Q

What is the job of a fuse?

A

To protect the component from a large current?

31
Q

What fuse is used when the power is less than 720W?

A

3A Fuse

32
Q

What fuse is used when the power is greater than 720W?

A

13A Fuse

33
Q

What are the forms of energy?

A

Heat, Light, Sound, Electrical, Kinetic, Potential, Nuclear and Chemical

34
Q

What is special about energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only changed from one source to another.

35
Q

What does specific heat capacity men?

A

The specific heat capacity of a material tells us the energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of that substance by 1 Degrees Celsius

36
Q

What does latent heat mean?

A

Latent heat is the energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance

37
Q

There is no change in what when a substance changes what?

A

There is no change in TEMPERATURE when a substance changes STATE

38
Q

What is known as the Kinetic theory?

A

The atomic model of a gas

39
Q

What is pressure?

A

Pressure is the force per unit area

40
Q

when volume decreases what happens to the pressure?

A

Pressure increases when volume decreases

41
Q

When volume is halved what happens to the pressure?

A

Pressure doubles when volume is halved.

42
Q

0 degrees Celsius is what in kelvin?

A

273 Kelvin

National 5 Physics (4 decks)

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