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Baldragon Academy S3 Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the energy change in a lamp?

A

Electrical to light (+ heat)

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2
Q

Name one source of AC

A

Mains supply

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3
Q

What is the rule for current in a series circuit?

A

The current is the same everywhere

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4
Q

What is the energy change in a buzzer?

A

Electrical to sound

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5
Q

What is current?

A

The charge transferred per second

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6
Q

What is the energy change in an LED?

A

Electrical to light

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7
Q

Which device measures voltage?

A

Voltmeter

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8
Q

What happens if you increase the resistance in a circuit?

A

The current will decrease

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9
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Loudspeaker

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10
Q

What is DC?

A

Direct current. Electrons move in one direction only.

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11
Q

Which component does the symbol represent?

A

Buzzer

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12
Q

How can you identify a series circuit?

A

It is a circuit with only one path round it.

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13
Q

Name one source of DC

A

Battery

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14
Q

Which device measures resistance?

A

Ohmmeter

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15
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Light Emitting Diode

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16
Q

What is the rule for voltages in a parallel circuit?

A

The voltage across each branch is equal to the supply voltage.

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17
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Battery

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18
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Lamp

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19
Q

What is AC?

A

Alternating current. The electrons change direction, moving backwards and forwards, many times in a second.

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20
Q

How can a parallel circuit be identified?

A

It is a circuit with more than one path round it.

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21
Q

What is the symbol for a voltmeter?

A

Circle with a V in it

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22
Q

How can power losses be reduced in transmission lines?

A

By increasing the transmission voltage and so decreasing the transmission current.

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23
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Motor

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24
Q

Which device measures current?

A

Ammeter

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25
Q

How can you tell from this oscilloscope image that this is AC?

A

The trace shows a change in direction

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26
Q

How should an ammeter be connected to measure the current in a component?

A

It should be connected in series with the component

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27
Q

What happens if you unscrew one of the lamps in the circuit below? Why?

A

The other lamps go out. There is a break in the circuit and the current does not have a complete route to the battery.

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28
Q

What is the energy change in a motor?

A

Electrical to kinetic

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29
Q

What is the rule for voltages in a series circuit?

A

The voltage across each component added together is equal to the supply voltage.

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30
Q

What is the energy change in a buzzer?

A

Electrical to sound

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31
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Resistor

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32
Q

What type of current is represented by this oscilloscope image?

A

DC

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33
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Switch

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34
Q

What type of current is represented by this oscilloscope image?

A

AC

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35
Q

What is the symbol for an Ohmmeter?

A

Circle with an Omega in it

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36
Q

Which circuit component is represented by the following diagram?

A

Cell

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37
Q

What is the symbol for an ammeter?

A

Circle with an A in it.

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38
Q

What is the energy change in a photovoltaic cell?

A

Light to electrical

39
Q

What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?

A

The supply current is equal to the current in each branch added together.

40
Q

What is the energy chage in a battery?

A

Chemical to electrical

41
Q

What is the stated value of the mains?

A

230V, 50Hz

42
Q

How should a voltmeter be connected to measure the voltage across a component?

A

It should be connected across the component

43
Q

What is the energy change in a battery?

A

Chemical to electrical

44
Q

Describe how to make a battery.

A

You need two different types of metals and a liquid that can conduct. The metals should not touch and both should be in the liquid.

45
Q

What is an electrode in a battery?

A

One of the two types of metal.

46
Q

What is an electrolyte in a battery?

A

The conducting liquid.

47
Q

State 3 factors that can effect the voltage produced by a battery that you might make.

A
  • Types of metals used
  • Area of metals used
  • Concentration if the electrolyte
  • Distance between the electrodes
48
Q

State the definition for voltage.

A

Number of Joules of energy transferred per coulomb of charge.

49
Q

What is Ohms Law?

50
Q

In the equation V=IR, what does V stand for?

51
Q

In the equation V=IR, what does I stand for?

52
Q

In the equation V=IR, what does R stand for?

A

Resistance

53
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

Amperes or Amps or A

54
Q

What is the unit for Voltage?

A

Volts or V

55
Q

What is the unit for resistance?

A

Ohms or Ω

56
Q

Which equation can be used to calculate power?

57
Q

In the equation P = IV, what does P stand for?

58
Q

In the equation P = IV, what does the I stand for?

59
Q

In the quation P =IV, what does V stand for?

60
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

Amperes or Amps or A

61
Q

What is the unit for Voltage?

A

Volts or V

62
Q

What is the unit for Power?

A

Watts or W

63
Q

What 3 things are required to induce a voltage?

A
  1. Conductor
  2. Movement
  3. Magnetic field
64
Q

Explain how to induce a voltage.

A

Move a coil of wire in a magnetic field,

65
Q

State 2 ways that an induced voltage can be increased.

A
  • Stronger magnetic field
  • Faster movement
  • More coils of wire
66
Q

Why is an induced voltage a.c?

A

There is a changing direction

67
Q

Explain how a voltage is induced in a dynamo.

A

A magnet spins inside a coil of wire.

68
Q

What type of magnets are used in a generator?

A

Electromagnets

70
Q

State two methods of generating electrical energy

A
  • Solar cells
  • Wind turbines
  • Nuclear power station
  • Hydro electric
  • Coal/oil/gas fired power station
71
Q

State an advantage of generating electrical energy by using wind turbines.

A
  • Does not produce greenhouse gases
  • Renewable so it will not run out
72
Q

State a disadvantage of generating electrical energy by using wind turbines.

A
  • It may not always be windy enough to generate enough electrical energy
  • People object to them as they spoil the landscape
73
Q

State an advantage of generating electrical energy by using solar cells.

A
  • Does not produce greenhouse gases
  • Renewable so it will not run out
74
Q

State a disadvantage of generating electrical energy by using solar cells.

A
  • May not have enough daylight to generate enough electrical energy
  • Can be expensive to install
75
Q

State an advantage of generating electrical energy by using nuclear power.

A
  • Does not produce any greenhouse gases
  • Produces a large amount of energy per kg of fuel
  • Fuel cells can be reprocessed an used again
76
Q

State a disdvantage of generating electrical energy by using nuclear power.

A
  • Produces radioactive waste
  • The waste must be stored for hundreds of years
  • Expensive to build and decomission
  • If there is an accident radioactive material can be released into the environment
77
Q

What is the purpose of a transformer?

A

To increase or decrease a voltage

78
Q

What does a step up transformer do?

A

Increases the voltage

79
Q

What does a step down transormer do?

A

Decreases the voltage

80
Q

Why are transformers used in electrical transmission lines?

A

To step up the voltage. This decreases the current and reduces the power lost in the transmission lines. At the other end a step down transformer reduces the voltage ready for use in the home.

81
Q

What are the main parts of a transformer?

A

Primary Coil, Secondary Coil, Iron core

82
Q

What is the energy change in a turbine?

A

Heat to Kinetic

83
Q

What is the energy change in a generator?

A

Kinetic to electrical

84
Q

What are solar cells made from?

A

Semiconductor materials

85
Q

What is the energy change in a solar cell?

A

Light to electrical

86
Q

State two factors that can change the output of a solar cell.

A
  • Area of solar cell
  • Angle of solar cell
  • Colour of the light
  • Brigtness of light
  • Distance fromlight source
87
Q

What is the energy change in a wind turbine?

A

Kinetic to electrical

88
Q

State two factors that can change the output of a wind turbine.

A
  • Number of blades
  • Speed of wind
  • Mass of blades
  • Angle of blades
89
Q

What is meant by nuclear fission?

A

When a large mass nucleus splits into smaller mass nuclei releasing energy and neutrons.

90
Q

What is the energy change in a nuclear reactor?

A

Nuclear to Heat

91
Q

What is the purpose of the shielding in a nuclear reactor?

A

To prevent any radioactive material escaping from teh reactor.

92
Q

What is the purpose of the control rods?

A

They absorb neutrons to control the fission reaction.

93
Q

There have been 2 nuclear disasters

  1. Fukishima
  2. Chernobyl

For one of these explain what happened.

A

Fukishima

Following a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear accident All three cores largely melted in the first three days.

Chernobyl

A nclear reactor exploded during a test to check how the cooling system operated on limited power.The power-regulating and safety systems were both shut off before the test to avoid interruptions.The reactor was to supposed to run at 25 percent capacity during the test but dipped to less than one percent, forcing workers to slowly increase the power levels.

Basically - poor reactor design and staff not trained enough.

Baldragon Academy S3 Physics (4 decks)

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