Electricity Flashcards
Describe how an object can be charged like a balloon
Objects can have positive, negative and neutral charges. If they have more electrons they are negatively charged, a charged atom is called an ion. When u rub a balloon against ur head it picks up extra electrons and now I negatively charged!
Laws of attraction and repulsion
Like objects repel and opposites attract
Describe how lightning works
A storm cloud is negatively charged at the bottom and the ground has a positive charged. The 2 are attracted to each other and form a chain of ions connecting them both.
How does a lightning rod control lightning?
Lightning rods help to control lightning by conducting the electrons to the ground through a tall positively charged metal rod.
3 ways static electricity is useful?
- Electrostatic precipitators can control air pollution by filtering fine particles from gas.
- Electrostatic painting uses charged particles to give a smooth even coat of paint.
- Pocket dosimeters use charged particles to detect radiation.
Insulator
A material that holds electrons tightly
and dosnt allow them to move easily
Conductor
A material that holds electrons loosely and allows them to move around easily
Current electricity
The flow of electrons through a conductor
What is a cell and what is it made out of
A cell is a device that generates electricity through chemicals. contains two terminals a cathode (+) and a anode (-)
What is an ammeter
A device for measuring and regulating the flow of electrons
Measures current
What units describe current
I current in amperes
Q coulombs of charge c
T time in seconds
Potential deference
The difference of potential energy per coulomb of charge at one point in a circuit compare to another
Units of potential difference
V potential difference in volts
E energy in joules
Q coulombs in c
Charge of electrons
6.25x10-18
Draw triangle for current
Q
I. T
Draw triangle for potential difference
E
V. Q
Resistance
The opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electrons, and converts electrical energy into other forms of energy.
Units of resistance
R. Resistance in ohms
V. Potential difference in volts
I current in amperes
Triangle for resistance
V
R. I
Power
The rate of doing work or energy
Power units
P power in watts
E energy in joules
T time in seconds
P power in watts
I current in amperes
V potential difference in volts
Triangles for power
E. P
P. T. I. V
Advantages to series circuits
Easy to assemble
Cheaper
All areas get equal current
Disadvantages to series circuits
1 bulb goes out all got out
Voltage is split
Advantages to parallel circuit
voltage is equal (no dimmed lights)
If one current path stops other continue
Disadvantages of parallel circuits
Current is split
More wiring
What is global warming and how is it caused
The earths temperatures rising, carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere not allowing it to escape, burning coal oil and fossil files releases more carbon dioxide
Non renewable sources
Can not be reused and are being use up faster then they are being produced
Ex coal oil gas uranium
Renewable resources
Can be replaced and are being produced faster then the usage
Ex tides
Winds
Solar
Nuclear fission
Splitting of uranium atoms and releasing 2-3 neutrons and releasing lots of energy
Nuclear fusion
2 atoms combining and releasing a lot of energy
A charged particle is called an….?
Ion
Electrostatics
Branch of physics that study’s electric charges and fields
What’s a circuit?
A path over which an electric current flows.
What’s a switch?
A device for turning electrical current on and off by closing an opening the circuit.
What’s a battery.
A combination of electric cells that produce a potential difference.
What’s a resistor?
A component that resists the passage of current, converting electric energy into other energy.
Ex a light bulb turns electric energy into light energy
What are the rules for current and voltage in a series circuit?
Current is equal at each resistor
Voltage splits (is shared) between resistors
What are the rules for current and voltage in a parallel circuit?
Voltage is equal at each resistor
Current is split (shared) between resistors
What are some sources of energy?
Tides Wind Fossil fuels Oil Coal Atom splitting
What are the top 3 sources of energy in Canada?
Hydro (water)
Thermoelectric (heat)
Thermonuclear (uranium atoms)
