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principals of physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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0
Q

A closed pathway that has different paths is called

A

A parallel circuit

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1
Q

A circuit that has only one path of current is called

A

A series current

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of of a series’s circuit

A

Current is the same in every resistor; current is equal to the battery
Sum of the voltage drops across the individual resistors = voltage rating of the battery
Total resistance of the resistors is =sum of the resistant values

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3
Q

describe electrical forces

A

are formed form particles in atoms: nucleus, electron and proton

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4
Q

What is a charge

A

the attracting and repelling forces

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5
Q

If an atom has electrons taken away it has a ________ Charge

A

positive

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6
Q

If an atom has on electron removed, and has one more proton than electron, what is it’s charge?

A

positive

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7
Q

Coulombs law: the _________ varies directly as the product of the charges and inversely as the square of the ________

A

force

distance

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8
Q

What is the SI symbol for coulomb?

A

C

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9
Q

What are the basics of what makes a good conductor?

A

they allow electrons to move
electrons are “loose”
mostly metals

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10
Q

Describe what is going on with the atoms of insulators

A

they are tightly bound
electrons are bound - and they are poor conductors - they “hold” their electrons
resist flowing charges - ex glass, rubber

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11
Q

What are the three ways to electrically charge objects?

A

by friction
by contact - transference
induction - without physical contact

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12
Q

What does grounding do?

A

conducts a pathway to an infinite reservoir of electric charge

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13
Q

When something is electrically polarized, what can we say about the object?

A

there is an alignment of the charges, an electric dipole - not totally even, but a little more positive on one side and a little more negative on the other side

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14
Q

Why do electric have a vector quality?

A

they have a magnitude and direction

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15
Q

What is static electricity?

A

electric charge that has built up in once place

does not flow, but may jump from place to place

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16
Q

What are the three things that atoms are composed of?

A

protons
electrons
neutrons

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17
Q

The transfer of _______ between objects is the basis of electrostatics

A

electrons

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18
Q

If an object has extra electrons, it’s charge will be________ charge

A

negative

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19
Q

If an object has a loss of electrons it will have a ________ charge

A

positive

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20
Q

If an object has the same number of electrons and protons it is

A

neutral

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21
Q

What does the law of conservation state?

A

that electrons are neither created or destroyed, but transferred from one object to another

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22
Q

Opposite charges ___________

Negative charges __________

A

attract

repel

23
Q

describe how you charge an object by the use of friction

A

rub materials together the a high affinity for electrons against something with a lesser affinity for electrons - they electrons will transfer to the first object making it negatively charged

24
Q

How do you charge an object by contact or conduction?

A

touch to induce

requires a conductor not an insulator

25
Q

How do you charge an object by induction?

A

no contact

electrons move as a result of the charge in the second object

26
Q

What is a resistor?

A

reduces or varies the electric current - allows current to flow, but resists the flow

27
Q

How much current ther is depends on not only the voltage, but also on the ___________

A

electrical resistance

28
Q

electrons always move from a _______ charge to a __________ charge

A

positive

negative

29
Q

Describe electric potential

A

energy per charge
how strong in Volts
Volts = joules/coulombs

30
Q

What is a capacitor?

A

a charged capacitor discharges when a conducting path is provided between the plates

31
Q

What is voltage?

A

it is an electric pressure that produces a current of flow of charge

32
Q

What is DC?

A

one direction

direct current

33
Q

Electricity flows from _________ charge to _________ charge

A

high

low

34
Q

What is the charge of the electrons that flow?

A

negative

35
Q

Charge will flow between points until the is no longer a _______________

A

potential difference

36
Q

Describe electric current

A

the rate of flow of charge

37
Q

What is something that provides a potential difference between 2 points that causes current to flow

A

Voltage source
batteries, generator
electric pump

38
Q

What does electrical resistance depend on?

A

conductivity of the wire
thickness of the wire
length of the wire
temperature

39
Q

____________ - explains the relationship between voltage, current and resistance
Volts = Amps * Resistance

A

Ohms Law

40
Q

A simple circuit requires which three things?

A

load,
conductor
source

41
Q

What does a diode do?

A

converts AC -> DC

acts as a one way valve

42
Q

What does a capacitor do?

A

acts as a reservoir for changing AC -> DC

- smooths the electrical waves out

43
Q

What is the equation to calculate power (watts)?

A 
power = current * voltage
W= Amps * V
44
Q

Describe electric polarization

A

When the atoms line up with the negative and positive all in one direction

45
Q

What is electric potential?

A

electric potential energy/charge

voltage = electric potential energy (j)/charge(C)

46
Q

The SI unit for electric potential energy is the joule. what is the SI unit for electric potential?

A

Volt

47
Q

What is electric current?

A

the flow of electric charge

48
Q

What is an ampere?

A

An ampere is the flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second

49
Q

As more and more resistors are added in parallel to a circuit, the equivalent resistance of the circuit _________ (increases/decreases?)

A

decreases

50
Q

Electrical ________ arise because of the way like _______, opposite ________

A

forces
charges repel
charges attract

51
Q

Give an example of charging by friction

A

charge rod contacts neutral object - charge will transfer

52
Q

What is electrical resistance?

A

how hard it is for the electric chagre to flow

53
Q

What is drift speed?

A

the speed at witch electrons travel through a conductor, 0.01 cm/s

54
Q

Electric potential energy is measured in ________ we also call this potential ___________

A

Volts

Difference

principals of physics (5 decks)

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