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Grade 9 Science > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

static electricity (electrostatics)

A

is a charge that stays on the surface of an object

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2
Q

laws of static charge

A

1) opposite charges attract
2) like charges repel
3) a charged object attracts an electrically neutral object

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3
Q

3 ways of charging an object

A

1) friction
2) contact / conduction
3) induction
*electrons only move

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4
Q

Friction

A

2 different material rubbing together so electrons get transferred

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5
Q

conduction

A

charging an object by contact

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6
Q

induction

A

charging an object by not touching it

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7
Q

insulators

A

is a material that doesn’t allow electrons to pass through ex) wool, cotton, rubber

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8
Q

conductors

A

is a material that easily allows electrons to pass through ex) metal and solutions containing water

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9
Q

semi - conductors

A

is a material that conducts electrically fairly well ex)silicon

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10
Q

grounding

A

easiest way to neutralize a charged object
-electrons travel to the ground

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11
Q

current electrically

A

works all electrical appliances
- flows through a circuit - if they keep on moving its complete

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12
Q

dry cell

A

battery

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13
Q

series circuit

A

1 circuit path, same current flows through all the wires , ex) Christmas lights, if 1 light dies they all go out and if you add more loads it will give off less light

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14
Q

parallel circuit

A

1+ circuit path, used in schools and homes, looks like a chain, add more loads the light will be the same

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15
Q

voltage (volts)

A

a measure of how strong the current is in a circuit
measured by voltmeter

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16
Q

electrical Current (amps)

A

the number of electrons that pass a specific point in the circuit
measured by ammeter

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17
Q

electrical Resistance (ohms)

A

how strongly an object resists the current
measured by ammeter
connected around load

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18
Q

electrode

A

positive (cathode) and negative (anthode)w

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19
Q

wires

A

thin metal that allows electricity to flow through / connectors

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20
Q

electrical cell

A

device that makes chemical energy into electrical

21
Q

2 types of electrical cells

A

primary (batteries) secondary (portable generator)

22
Q

electroscope

A

old science machine that detected charges (positive and negative) it can charge by induction and conduction

23
Q

electrostatics used in industry

A

photocopies, laser printers, air filters

24
Q

electrostatics painting

A

the item being painted has a negative charge, the paint is positive, so the negative and positive charges stick together

25
Q

AC vs DC circuits

A

2 types of electrical flow

26
Q

AC

A

the electrons flow back and forth

27
Q

DC

A

the electrons flow in a single direction

28
Q

potential difference

A

is the diff. in the energy that happens between 2 points measured by volts

29
Q

3 ways to discharge and object

A

grounding, exposure to air, discharge at 1 point

30
Q

electricity

A

the flow of electrical power or charge

31
Q

Types of energy

A

thermal, radiant, light, chemical, electrical

32
Q

ohms law named

A

George Ohms

33
Q

Ohms law

A

defines the relationship with voltage, current, and Resistance
V=IxR

34
Q

Units in ohms law

A

current=amps
voltage=volts
Resistance=ohms

35
Q

electrical resistance

A

resists the flow of electrons
Resistance makes the molecules and atoms rub together an cause heat

36
Q

3 ways to cause electrical resistance

A

1) length of wire - longer the wire the greater the resistance
2) thickness of wire - thinner the wire the greater the resistance
3)kind of metal

37
Q

Voltmeter

A

measures potential diff.
-plus and minus wire goes around preferred load

38
Q

Ammeter

A

used the same as a voltmeter
-connected right into the circuit/put before preferred load
-in series
-don’t connect to dry cell or outlet because fire

39
Q

Ohmmeter

A
  • goes around preferred load
    -measures electrical resistance
40
Q

conserving energy

A

saving energy and is measured in KWH

41
Q

electrical meters

A

measures that amount of energy used
-now there are smart meters

42
Q

time-of-use prices

A

is when electricity is being used the most a least

43
Q

what do energy-efficient appliances have?

A

Energuide

44
Q

energy star

A

this label shows that the appliances meet government standard

45
Q

phantom load

A

when item is plugged in and not used so energy is wasted

46
Q

cost of electricity

A

efficiency = output/input x 100
-the input is usually bigger

47
Q

Joules –> kilo

A

divide by 1000

48
Q

kilo—>joules

A

multiply by 1000

49
Q

% of efficiency

A

measures how good appliances convert electrical energy into useful energy
-usually wasted in the form of heat, sound, vibration

Grade 9 Science (4 decks)

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