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Term 2, 2024 Science Exam > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

How does static electricity occur?

A

Static electricity results from a build-up of electric charge on a surface.

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2
Q

Describe static electricity:

A

When two objects are rubbed together, electrons will move from one material to the other, resulting in two surfaces with opposite charges.

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3
Q

Does rubbing materials together create electric charges?

A

No, rubbing materials does NOT create electric charges. It just transfers electrons from one material to the other.

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4
Q

What charges can objects be?

A

Objects can be positively charged, negatively charged or neutral (no charge).

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5
Q

What charge is a substance that gains electrons?

A

A substance that gains electrons becomes negatively charged.

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6
Q

What charge is a substance that loses electrons?

A

A substance that loses electrons becomes positively charged.

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7
Q

What is current electricity?

A

Current electricity is the flow of electric charge through a wire or electrical component.

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8
Q

How is electric charge generated?

A

The flow of electric charge is generated by a power source - e.g. a battery.

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9
Q

How is current electricity useful?

A

Current electricity is useful as it can be used to power electrical devices.

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10
Q

What is an electric circuit?

A

An electric circuit is the path that electrons travel when current electricity is used to power an electrical device.

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11
Q

What four basic components do all electric circuits have?

A
  1. A source of electrical energy (mains electricity, batteries, generators)
  2. Energy using components - convert electrical energy into heat, light, sound, kinetic energy. (light bulb, speaker, motor)
  3. Connecting wires - generally made of metals
  4. Switch - opens and closes the circuit. A circuit needs to be closed so that electrons can flow through it.
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12
Q

What are atoms?

A

Atoms are the building blocks of matter.

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13
Q

What are the different parts of an atom and what do they do?

A

The nucleus is in the centre of an atom, it contains positive particles (protons) and neutral particles (neutrons). Negative particles (electrons) orbit the nucleus.

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14
Q

What are positive particles called?

A

Protons

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15
Q

What are negative particles called?

A

Electrons

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16
Q

What are neutral particles called?

A

Neutrons

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17
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

One way to connect all the components in a circuit is in series.

This means that everything is connected one after another, in a single loop.

There is only one path for the electrons to follow; the circuit only has one continuous electric flow.

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18
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A parallel circuit contains components connected side-by-side, on separate loops.

There is more than one possible path for electrons to flow.

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19
Q

Do electrons flow through all components in a series circuit?

A

Yes, in series circuits, all electrons will flow through both components.

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20
Q

Do electrons flow through all components in a parallel circuit?

A

No, in parallel circuits, electron flow is divided between the components.

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21
Q

If one component stops working in a series circuit, will the circuit continue to function?

A

No, in series circuit, if one component malfunctions, then the other components will stop working.

In a series circuit, if one component goes bad, then the current stops flowing through the circuit.

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22
Q

In a series circuit, will adding more bulbs make the circuit dimmer?

A

In a series circuit, on adding more bulbs, the circuit becomes dimmer.

On adding more bulbs to a series circuit, the current in the circuit decreases and the bulbs glow less brightly.

23
Q

If one component malfunctions in a parallel circuit, will the circuit continue to function?

A

Yes, in a parallel circuit, if one component malfunctions, then the other components continue working.

24
Q

If you add more bulbs in a parallel circuit, does the circuit get hotter?

A

No, in a parallel circuit, on adding more bulbs, the circuit’s intensity doesn’t change.

25
Q

What happens to the current when you add more bulbs to a parallel circuit?

A

On adding more bulbs to a parallel circuit, the current in the circuit increases, and the bulbs glow brightly.

26
Q

When new branches are added to a parallel circuit, does the electric current have more paths?

A

Yes, when new branches are added to a parallel circuit, the electric current has more paths to flow through.

27
Q

How does resistance and voltage relate to each other?

A

For a constant voltage, if the resistance decreases, then the current increases.

28
Q

How can electricity be measured?

A

Electricity can be measured in terms of voltage and current.

29
Q

What does voltage measure?

A

Voltage measures the energy of the electrons in an electric circuit.

30
Q

What is the unit for voltage?

A

Volts (V)

31
Q

How is voltage measured?

A

The voltage drop across a component is measured using a voltmeter.

32
Q

How must a voltmeter be connected into a circuit?

A

The voltmeter must be connected in parallel so that it compares the electrical energy before and after the component.

33
Q

What does current measure?

A

Current measures the flow of electrons in an electric circuit.

34
Q

What is the unit for current?

A

amps (A)

35
Q

How is current measured?

A

The current is measured using a ammeter.

36
Q

How must an ammeter be connected in a circuit?

A

The ammeter must be connected in series so that it measures the current flowing through a component.

37
Q

Describe the current in a series circuit.

A

In a series circuit, all electrons flow through each component in the loop, so the current is the same.

38
Q

Describe the current in a parallel circuit.

A

In a parallel circuit, since the electrons can travel through different loops, then the current is shared between them.

39
Q

Is the current in a series circuit unchanged or shared equally?

A

Current is unchanged - remains constant when components are connected in series.

40
Q

Is the current in a parallel circuit unchanged or shared equally?

A

Current is shared equally when components are connected in parallel (Note: assume resistance is the same across all bulbs).

41
Q

Describe the voltage in a series circuit.

A

Voltage is shared equally when components are connected in series.

42
Q

Describe the voltage in a parallel circuit.

A

Voltage is unchanged when components are connected in parallel.

43
Q

What is resistance?

A

Resistance is a measure of the restriction of current by a wire or component.

44
Q

How does resistance relate to current?

A

As resistance increases, it decreases the flow of electrons and reduces the current.

45
Q

Do insulators have high or low resistance to the flow of current?

A

Insulators (plastic, rubber) have a high resistance to the flow of current.

46
Q

Do conductors have high or low resistance to the flow of current?

A

Conductors (metals) have a low resistance to the flow of current.

47
Q

What is the unit of measurement for resistance?

A

The unit of measurement for resistance is the ohm.

48
Q

What is Ohm’s Law in terms of resistance?

A

R = V/I

49
Q

What is Ohm’s Law in terms of voltage?

A

V = I x R

50
Q

What is Ohm’s Law in terms of current?

A

I = V/R

51
Q

What is the scientific symbol for current?

A

I

52
Q

What are resistors?

A

Resistors are electric components designed to reduce current in an electric circuit.

53
Q

How do you calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

A

Add all the resistance of the components to each other.

Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3…

Term 2, 2024 Science Exam (3 decks)

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