Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

current

A

the rate of flow of charge

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2
Q

which way does conventional current flow?

A

positive to negative

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3
Q

which way does electrons flow?

A

negative to positive

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4
Q

mean drift velocity

A

average distance travelled by a charge carrier per unit time

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5
Q

charge carrier

A

something which caries charge (electrons and ions)

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6
Q

what does charge carrier density determine?

A

whether a material is a conductor, insulator or semiconductor
represented by n

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7
Q

kirchoffs first law

A

the total current entering a junction is equal to the total current leaving a junction (conservation of charge)

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8
Q

what is the link between current and charge carrier density? and resistivity?

A

the ability to carry a current increases with an increase in charge carrier density

the resistivity of a material is directly proportional to charge carrier density

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9
Q

what is an anode?

A

positively charged electrode

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10
Q

what is a cathode?

A

a negatively charged electrode

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11
Q

what is a cation?

A

positively charged ions

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12
Q

what is an anion?

A

negatively charged ions

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13
Q

electric charge

A

a measure of how charged an object is
(measured in coulombs)

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14
Q

quantised

A

a unit that can only be a certain value
eg. charge will always be a multiple of 1.6x10^-19

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15
Q

electrolytes

A

liquids that can carry an electric current

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16
Q

conductors

A

materials that have a high charge carrier density

17
Q

semiconductors

A

materials that have an intermediate charge carrier density
it also has a conductivity between a conductor and insulator (dependent on temperature)

18
Q

insulators

A

materials that have a low charge carrier density

19
Q

potential difference

A

the energy transferred per coulomb of charge
the work done per coulomb of charge that passes between two points

20
Q

electromotive forces

A

energy supplied per coulomb of charge
the amount of chemical energy converted to electrical energy per coulomb of charge when passing through a power supply

21
Q

thermionic emission

A

the emission of electrons through the action of heating

22
Q

resistance

A

a measure of how much a component resists the flow of charge

23
Q

ohms law

A

potential difference is directly proportional to current

24
Q

how do you work out the resistance of resistors in series?

A

add them together

25
how do you work out the resistance of resistors in parallel?
1/total resistance= 1/R1+ 1/R2 +...
26
resistance
how much an object opposes the flow of current
27
what factors affect resistance?
length cross sectional area material temperature
28
resistivity
a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current
29
conductivity
The degree to which a specified material conducts electricity (S/m)
30
conductance
The degree to which an object conducts electricity (S)
31
IV characteristics of a fixed resistor
-voltage is proportional to current -ohmic conductor -resistance is constant -behaves the same regardless of polarity
32
IV characteristics of a filament lamp
-voltage is not proportional to current -non-ohmic conductor -resistance isn’t constant -behaves the same regardless of polarity -s shape on a graph
33
IV characteristics of a diode
-voltage is not proportional to current -non-ohmic conductor -resistance isn’t constant -behaviour dependent on polarity -backwards l shape
34
negative temperature coefficient
as temperature increases resistance decreases (in some semiconductors as temperature increases so does the charge carrier density)
35
thermistor
as temperature increases resistance decreases (ntc)
36
Fundamental frequency
The lowest frequency that can fit
37
Kirchoff’s second law
The directed sum of the potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop is zero