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Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is needed for electrical charge to flow through a closed curcuit?

A

A source of potential difference

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2
Q

What is electric current?

A

A flow of electrical charge

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3
Q

What is the size of electric current?

A

The rate of flow of electrical charge

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4
Q

What is charge flow measured in?

A

Coulombs

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5
Q

What is current measured in?

A

Amperes

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6
Q

What does the current through a component depend on?

A

The resistance and potential difference of the component

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7
Q

How are resistance and current linked?

A

The greater the resistance of the component, the smaller the current for a given potential difference

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8
Q

What is potential difference measured in?

A

Volts

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9
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohms

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10
Q

What happens when the temperature of a filament increases?

A
  • resistance increases
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11
Q

What happens when the temperature of a thermistor increases?

A
  • resistance decreases
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12
Q

What are some applications of thermistors?

A
  • thermostats
  • car engine temperature sendors
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13
Q

What happens when light intensity on an LDR increases?

A
  • resistance decreases
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14
Q

What are the applications of LDR’s?

A
  • automatic night lights
  • outdoor lighting
  • burgular lighting
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15
Q

What are components connected in series like?

A
  • same current through each component
  • total potential difference of power supply shared between the components
  • total resistance of two components is the sum of resistance of each component
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16
Q

what is the equation for total resistance?

A

resistance 1 + resistance 2 (ohms)

17
Q

What is the mains current in UK?

A

230V

18
Q

What is the mains frequency UK?

A
  • 50Hz
19
Q

Describe the live wire.

A
  • Brown
  • carries alternating potential difference from the supply
20
Q

Describe the neutral wire.

A
  • Blue
  • at or close to, earth potential (0V)
  • completes the curcuit
21
Q

Describe the earth wire.

A
  • Green and yellow stripes
  • 0V, only carries current if there’s a fault
22
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Whatts

23
Q

Why is the live wire dangerous?

A
  • causes large electrical shock that could injure or even kill you
  • could result in fires in contact with earth wire
24
Q

What is the national grid?

A
  • system of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers
25
Q

What do step up tranformers do?

A
  • increase PD from power station to transmission cables
  • decrease current
  • to reduce energy loss
26
Q

What do step down transformers do?

A
  • decrease potention difference
  • increase current
  • for domestic use
27
Q

Describe static electricity.

A
  • insulating materials rubbed against each other and become electrically charged
  • negatively charged electrons rubbed off one material and on to other
  • material that gains electrons become negatively charged
  • material that loses electrons becomes positively charged
28
Q

Describe what happens when two electrically charged objects are brought together.

A
  • exert a force on each other
  • repel if carry same charge
  • attract if carry opposite charges
  • attraction and repulsion non contact forces
29
Q

Describe electric fields.

A
  • charged object creates electric field around itself
  • field strongest close to charged object
  • further away from the charged object, weaker field
30
Q

how do the earth wire and fuse protect user from electric shock?

A

• fault develops when live wire touch metal casing
• resistance in live wire reduces
• current in live wire increases
• earth wire takes current from live wire
• at the same time fuse melts
• so no more current flows into live wire

31
Q

how do the earth wire and fuse protect user from electric shock?

A

• fault develops when live wire touch metal casing
• resistance in live wire reduces
• current in live wire increases
• earth wire takes current from live wire
• at the same time fuse melts
• so no more current flows into live wire

Physics (9 decks)

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