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Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

State the charge and relative mass of protons, neutrons and electrons

A

Protons = (charge) +1, (relative mass) 1
Neutrons = (charge) 0, (relative mass) 1
Electrons = (charge) -1, (relative mass) 1/2000

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2
Q

Define Conductor

A

Material that allows the flow of electric current

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3
Q

Define Insulator

A

Material that doesn’t allow the flow of electric current

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4
Q

What does LDR stand for?

A

Light Dependent Resistor

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5
Q

Which direction does convectional current go in?

A

+ to -

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6
Q

Which direction do electrons go?

A

– to +

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7
Q

State the unit for energy

A

Joules (J)

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8
Q

State the unit for Power

A

Watts (W)
(same as joules per second (J/s))

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9
Q

State the formula for power

A

P = E/T
(Power = Energy used/Time)

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10
Q

AC

A

Alternating Current
A current which is constantly changing in direction

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11
Q

Name a source of AC

A

Mains Electricity
50Hz (voltage changes 50 times per second)
230V

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12
Q

DC

A

Direct Current
A current that is always flowing in one direction

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13
Q

Name of source of DC

A

Cells or Batteries

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14
Q

Name the 3 wires

A

Neutral
Live
Earth

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15
Q

What is a neutral wire?

A

A wire that completes the circuit to the power station
Is kept at 0 volts by the electricity company
Blue

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16
Q

What is a live wire?

A

A wire that carries the high voltage
Connects the appliance to generators at the power station
Brown

17
Q

What is an earth wire?

A

A wire needed to earth appliances with a metal case.
Connects the appliance to the ground outside the building.
This makes it safer to touch the appliance if it developed a fault.

18
Q

What is a fuse?

A

A safety device containing a thin metal wire that melts if the current is too high

19
Q

What is a RCCB?

A

Residual Current Circuit Breakers
They detect a difference in current between live and neutral wires.
They use electromagnets to break the circuit if the current difference becomes too large.

20
Q

Current

A

The flow of electrical charge

21
Q

Which 2 things are needed for a current to flow through an electrical component?

A

A potential difference across the component
A complete circuit

22
Q

What is a voltmeter?

It measures what in what and how is it connected

A

Connected in parallel
Measure PD in volts

23
Q

Ammeter

A

Connected in series
Measure current in amps

24
Q

State the formula for charge

A

Q = It
Charge = Current x time

25
Q

State the formula for energy

A

E = QV
Energy = Charge x voltage

26
Q

Give another name for Potential Difference

A

Voltage

27
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A circuit with only one loop

28
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A circuit with two or more loops

29
Q

What is the rule for current in a series circuit?

A

It’s the same everywhere

30
Q

What is the rule for current in a parallel circuit?

A

It splits up

31
Q

What is the rule for PD in a series circuit?

A

It splits up

32
Q

What is the rule for PD in a parallel circuit?

A

It’s the same everywhere

33
Q

What is the rule for resistance in a series circuit?

A

Add resistances to find the total

34
Q

What is the rule for resistance in a parallel circuit?

A

Total resistance is less than the lowest resistor

35
Q

What are the differences between DC and AC?

A

DC is always in the same direction and always has the same magnitude.
AC changes direction and changes magnitude.

36
Q

Do convectional current and electrons go in the same direction?

A

No
Convectional current goes from + to -
whereas
Electrons go from - to +

Physics (5 decks)

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