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Y11 GCSE Physics > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Define current

A

Rate of flow of charge round the circuit

Electrons carry charge (negatively charged)

Current only flows through a component if there is a voltage across that component

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2
Q

What is current measured in?

A

Amperes (amps) , A

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3
Q

Define voltage

A

Drives the current round the circuit.

Also called potential difference

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4
Q

Voltage measured in

A

Volts, V

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5
Q

Define charge

A

Electrical energy and is being carried around by electrons

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6
Q

Resistance define

A

Anything in the circuit which slows the flow down

The more components the higher the overall resistance

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7
Q

Resistance measured in

A

Ohms,

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8
Q

If increase the voltage

A

More current will flow

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9
Q

If increase resistance

A

Less current will flow

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10
Q

Which way does a circuit flow?

A

Negative to positive electrical flow

Opposites attract

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11
Q 
Circuit symbols 
Cell
Battery
Power supply
Switch open and closed
Earth / ground
Filament lamp
LED
Loudspeaker + microphone 
Electrical bell + motor
Fixed resistor + variable resistor
Ammeter + voltmeter
Diode 
LDR
Heater + generator
Fuse / circuit breaker
Thermistor
Transformer 
Relay
A
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12
Q

Difference between cell and battery

A 
Cell = simpler
Battery = complex - more layers (of cells)
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13
Q

Ammeter
Define
Where to place

A

Measures current (amps) flowing through the component

Must be placed in series
Anywhere in the main circuit but never in parallel

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14
Q

Voltmeter
Define
Where to place

A

Measures voltage (volts) across the component

Must be placed in parallel

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15
Q

Where to place variable resistor

A

Series

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16
Q

What happens

Alter the resistance of variable resistor

A

Current flowing through the component changes

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17
Q

Mains supply is …

Battery supply is …

A

a. c.

d. c.

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18
Q

UK mains electricity supply is ….

a. c. Stands for …..
a. c. Means …..
d. c. stands for ….
d. c. means …

A

230 Volts

Alternating current

Current is constantly changing direction

Direct current

Current keeps flowing in same direction

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19
Q

Formula
Voltage
Current
Resistance

A

Voltage (V) = current (A) x resistance (ohms)

V
I x R

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20
Q

I - V graphs (current - voltage)
What they show
For straight line…
If curves…..

A

Changing voltage affect current

For a straight line graph the gradient is constant and equal to:
1 / resistance (bc. R = V / I)

Curves: resistance is changing

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21
Q

Formula

Work out resistance from I-V graph

A

R = V / I

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22
Q

List 4 important current - voltage graphs

A

Metal filament lamp
Wire
Different resistors
Diode

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23
Q

Describe
I - V graph
Metal filament lamp

A

As temperature of metal increase the resistance increases hence the curve

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24
Q

Describe
I - V graph
Wire

A

The current through a wire (at constant temperature ) is proportional to voltage

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25
Q

Describe
I-V graph
Different resistors

A

Current through resistor (at constant temperature) is proportional to voltage
Different resistors have different resistances
Hence different slopes

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26
Q

Describe
I-V graph
Diode

A

Current will only flow through a diode in one direction as shown

27
Q

LED stand for

A

Light
Emitting
Diode

28
Q

LEDS emit light when

A

Current flow through them in the forward direction

29
Q

LEDs are used for

A

Numbers on digital clocks
Traffic lights
Remote controls

30
Q

Unlike a light bulb LEDs ….

A

Don’t have a filament that can burn out

31
Q

What is a LDR and stand for

A

Light dependent resistor

Type of resistor
Changes resistance depending on how much light falls on it

32
Q

LDRs in bright light and darkness

A

Bright: resistance falls
Dark: resistance is highest

33
Q

LDRs used for

A

Electronically circuits eg burglar detectors

34
Q

LDR graph looks like

A
35
Q

What is thermistor

A

Temperature dependent resistor

36
Q

Thermistor in hot and cool conditions

A

Hot: resistance drops
Cool: resistance goes up

37
Q

Thermistors used for

A

Temperature detectors
Eg car engine temperature sensors
Thermostats
Fire alarms

38
Q

Thermistor graph looks like

A
39
Q

What happens

Remove a component in series circuit

A

Circuit stops working

40
Q

Series circuit uses

A

Fairy lights and Christmas tree lights

41
Q

In parallel circuit

Remove a component

A

Still works

42
Q 
Parallel circuits
Potential difference
Current
Junctions 
Current / resistance 
Total resistance
A
43
Q

Charge (circuit depends on)

A

Current and time

44
Q

Charge
Current
Time
Equation

A

Charge = current x time

Q
I. X. T

45
Q

The more charge passes around a circuit when a ….

A

Bigger current flows

46
Q

When a charge drops through a voltage it…

A

Transfers energy

47
Q

Equation
Energy transferred
Charge
Voltage

A

Energy transferred = charge x voltage

48
Q 
Equation 
Energy transferred 
Charge
Current
Resistance
A

Energy transferred = charge x current x resistance

49
Q

Earthing and fuses prevent ….

A

Fires and shocks

50
Q

Wires
Blue =
Green / yellow =
Brown =

A

Neutral wire
Earth
Live

51
Q

Electrical safety

A
52
Q

Resistors when current passes through

A

Get hot

53
Q

Equation
Electrical power
Current
Voltage

A
54
Q 
Formula
Energy transferred
Current
Voltage 
Time
A

Energy transferred = current x voltage x time

55
Q

Repel =

Attract =

A

Like charges (same)

Opposite

56
Q

Attraction
Repulsion
Repulsion

A
57
Q

Conductors …

Insulators…

A

Conduct charge

Don’t conduct charge

58
Q

Static charge … move

A

Can not

59
Q

What is static charge?

A
60
Q

As charge builds up so does the voltage

Experiments can show the effects of static electricity

A
61
Q

Give and explain 3 experiments to check a material / investigate charge

A
62
Q

How is static electricity used

A

Printer

Photocopier

63
Q

Explain static electricity in printer and photocopier

A
64
Q

Static electricity

Unhelpful

A

Clothing crackles
Lightening
Fuel

Y11 GCSE Physics (8 decks)

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