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Physics mock > Electricity > Flashcards

Electricity Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

what do fuses do

A

fuses stop the flow of current

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2
Q

how do fuses stop the flow of current

A

by melting the current to high

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3
Q

what do circuit breakers do

A

circuit breakers break the circuit if the current is to high

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4
Q

what does insulation and double insulation do

A

prevents people from touching exposed wires and getting shocked

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5
Q

what does earthing do

A

earthing provides a low resistance path to the ground. Earthing is mainly used to prevent an electric shock

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6
Q

why a current in a resistor results in the electrical

transfer of energy and an increase in temperature, and how?

A

resistors slow down the movement of electrons in the current, so the KE that was moving them is transferred into heat energy.

This can be used for various domestics contexts: e.g hair dryer, heaters

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7
Q

what is the equation for power

A

power = current x voltage

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8
Q

what is the equation of energy transferred?

A

energy transferred = current x voltage x time

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9
Q

what is an AC?

A

AC stands for alternative current. It is a typical electrical current, in which the direction of the flow of electrons switches back and forth.
It is used to deliver power to houses, office buildings, etc.

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10
Q

what is DC?

A

DC stands for direct current. It is an electrical current that flows in one direction. It is produced from a battery and used in some sensitive components

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11
Q

give 2 advantages on using a paralleled circuit

A
  • -> allows additional components

- -> if one breaks, current can still flow through the other parts of the circuit

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12
Q

give 2 advantages of a series circuit

A

→ fewer wires, cheaper and easier to assemble.

→ uses less power.

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13
Q

why does the current in a series circuit depend on the applied voltage, number and nature of other components?

A
  • as the voltage increases, the current also increases.

- in general, the more components in a circuit, the lower the current.

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14
Q

how does a current vary with wire?

A

with wire the current is directly proportional to the voltage (because the temperature is constant)

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15
Q

how does a current vary with resistors?

A

the current flowing will be the exact same as it was before the resistor. The current will become smaller though (the resistor reduces the current)

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16
Q

how does a current vary with metal filament lamps?

A

since the temperature ins’t constant in a filament lamp, the resistance increases dramatically as the current increases (because the lamp gets too hot in order to give out light)

17
Q

how does a current vary with diode?

A

it will only allow the current to flow in one direction, as it has high resistance the other way.

(remember to look at picture on google docs.)

18
Q

what is the effect of increasing resistance of a current in a circuit?

A

by increasing the resistance it decreases the current.

19
Q

how do you increase the resistance of a current in a circuit?

A

by adding more components with higher resistance.

20
Q

what is the effect of decreasing resistance of a current in a circuit?

A

by decreasing the resistance it will increase the current.

21
Q

how do you decrease the resistance of a current in a circuit?

A

by replacing components of higher resistance with lower resistance ones.

22
Q

what is the resistance of LDRs with illumination?

A

as illumination increases, resistance decreases

23
Q

what does LDR stand for?

A

light-dependent resistors

24
Q

what is the resistance for thermistors with temperature?

A

as temperature increases, resistance decreases

25
Q

how do you check if there is a current in a circuit?

A

by adding a lamp or LEDs. If the current is flowing, the lamp will start glowing (hahhahah that rhymed… i think i have been studying too much… by the way the word is supposed to be “light up” but i thought “glowing” would sound cooler)

26
Q

what is the formula for the relationship between voltage, current and
resistance

A

voltage = current × resistance

V = I × R

27
Q

what is the rate flow of charge?

A

current

28
Q

what is the formula for the relationship between charge, current and
time?

A

charge = current × time

Q = I × t

29
Q

what is the electric current in solid metallic conductors?

A

a flow of negatively charged electrons. The electrons are free to flow in a metal to carry change.

30
Q

what does a junction current look like?

A

A junction current splits to take both paths, they soon come back together when the paths meet again.

31
Q

what is the voltage like when it is across two components connected in a parallel?

A

the voltage is the same

32
Q

what is voltage?

A

it is the pressure from an electrical circuit’s power source that pushes charged electrons (the current) through a conducting loop. This enables them to do things such as light up a light bulb.

33
Q

how is voltage measured like?

A

in volts

34
Q

what is the formula for the relationship between energy transferred,
charge and voltage

A

energy transferred = charge × voltage

E = Q × V

35
Q

what happens in a current when the voltage increases?

A

the current also increases

36
Q

the more components in a circuit…

A

the lower the current.

Physics mock (4 decks)

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