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Extremities > ElectricalStim > Flashcards

ElectricalStim Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications to electrical stimulation… (5)

A
  • Demand cardiac pacemaker
  • Indwelling phrenic nerve or urinary bladder stimulator
  • Thrombosis, or thrombophlebitis
  • Carotid Sinus (over the…)
  • Near operating diathermy
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2
Q

Precautions to electrical stimulation…

A

SHAPE CUTI

  • Skin irritation, damage, lesions
  • Hemorrhage, Hematoma (tissues vulnerable to…)
  • Abnormal Mentation or Sensation (over areas of…)
  • Pregnancy: over Abdominal, Lumbrosacral, or Pelvic regions
  • Eyes (over the…)
  • Craniofacial or Cervical regions with hx of seizure, CVA
  • Uncontrolled or ballistic mvmts
  • Thoracic Region in pts with small, slender, fragile body types or with hx of cardiac problems
  • Increased blood flow (Conditions exacerbated by increased blood flow; e.g. neoplasm, infection)

Specific to Motor-Level ES ONLY (b/c you’er going for contraction with this strength of stimulation)
“OOOHM!”
- Osteoporosis (may cause a fx!)
- Obesity (a lot of tissue over muscle so you may need it really high to stimulate a contraction)
- Operating Heavy Machinery

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3
Q

Ohm’s Law is __ = ___ ___

A 
V = IR
Voltage = Current * Resistance
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4
Q

The cathode is [+/-] charged. The anode is [+/-] charged.

A 
Cathode = NEGATIVE
Anode = POSITIVE
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5
Q

The cation is [+/-] charged. The anion is [+/-] charged.

A 
Cation = POSITIVE
Anion = NEGATIVE
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6
Q

Charge = ___*___

A

Charge = AMPLITUDE * DURATION (area under the curve!)

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7
Q

Current flows from the [anode/ cathode] to the [anode/cathode]. Electrons flow in the [same/ opposite] direction.

A

Current flows from the ANODE to the CATHODE. Electrons flow in the OPPOSITE direction (toward the positive ANODE)

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8
Q

Voltage is the difference in electrical ___.

A

Voltage is the difference in electrical POTENTIAL. It is the electrical force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor between 2 regions or points

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9
Q

Muscle strengthening

A

Symmetrical BPC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 100-600us (BPC), or 50-10% duty cycle (Burst or Beat)
  • Amp: >= 50% MVIC (uninjured), >=10% contralateral MVIC (injured)
  • Ramp Time: 1-5sec
  • Freq: 50-80pps; 2500Hz carrier frequency
  • On/Off: 6-10s ON, 50-120 OFF
  • Modulation: NONE
  • Polarity: NONE
- Tx time:
10-20 reps
10-20 mins
2-5x/week
2-6 weeks
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10
Q

Muscle Endurance

A

BPC (doesn’t need to be symmetrical!), MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 100-600us (BPC), or 50-10% duty cycle (Burst or Beat)
  • Amp: 25-50% MVIC
  • Ramp Time: 1-5sec
  • Freq: 30-50pps; 2500Hz carrier frequency
  • On/Off: 6-15s ON, 6-15 OFF (shorter off time than strengthening)
  • Modulation: NONE
  • Polarity: NONE
  • Tx time:
    HIGH reps
    5-20 mins over several hours
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11
Q

Sensory-level TENS

A

“Conventional,” “High Level”
PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 20- 100us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated tingling (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: NONE
  • Freq: 50-200pps; Higher carrier frequency preferred (Burst)
  • On/Off: None
  • Modulation: Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: As needed (minutes to hours)
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12
Q

Motor-level TENS

A

“Acupuncture-like,” “Low Level”
PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 100-600us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated tingling (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: None (<=20pps), or 2-10 sec OFF (30-50pps)
  • Modulation: None or Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: 15-60mins
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13
Q

Noxious-level TENS

A

PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 20-600us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated painful tingling or contraction (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: None
  • Freq: <=200pps; MFBurstAC depends on unit (LOW freq preferred)
  • On/Off: None
  • Modulation: Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: Up to a few minutes
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14
Q

Circulation (Motor-level)

A

For venous insufficeincy or when diminished blood flow in large arteries or microvasculature in muscle; can prevent DVT in patients undergoing surgery

Mechanical: muscle pumping
Non-mech: sympatholytic effect and cardiovascular response –> incr. blood flow and microvascular perfusion

PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 100-600us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated contraction (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: None (<=20pps), or 2-10 sec OFF (30-50pps)
  • Modulation: None or Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: Variable, 15-60mins
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15
Q

Circulation (Sensory-level)

A

Indication: Neurovascular (SNS) problems - NOT for venous return, only arterial!

PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 20-100us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated tingling (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: None (<=20pps), or 1-2s (30-50pps)
  • Freq: 50-200pps; MFBurstAC depends on unit (HIGH freq preferred)
  • On/Off: None
  • Modulation: Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: Variable, 20-60mins
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16
Q

Acute stage edema formation

A

SENSORY-LEVEL

MPC (High Volt)

  • Dur: 20-100us
  • Amp: 10% BELOW motor threshold
  • Ramp Time: None
  • Freq: 120pps
  • On/Off: None
  • Modulation: None
  • Polarity: NEGATIVE (Cathode [negative] over injured area, dispersive anode [larger size] over remote site)
  • Tx time: 30 mins, every 4 hours
17
Q

Post-acute/Chronic Edema Reduction

A

MOTOR-LEVEL (via muscle pump)

PC, MFBurstAC, MFBeatAC

  • Dur: 100-600us (PC & Beat), or 50% duty cycle (Burst)
  • Amp: MAX tolerated contraction (increase duration to make tingling magnitude increase!)
  • Ramp Time: None (<=20pps), or 2-10 sec OFF (30-50pps)
  • Modulation: None or Optional
  • Polarity: Either (for MPC), or None (Burst & Beat)
  • Tx time: Variable, 15-60mins
18
Q

Wound Healing

A

DC, MPC (High Volt)

  • Dur: None (DC), or 20-100us (MPC, think sensory level)
  • Amp: 100-1000uA (DC), 100-200V (MPC)
    (Both: Tolerable levels BELOW MOTOR THRESHOLD)
  • Ramp Time: None
  • Freq: None (DC), 50-200 pps (MPC)
  • On/Off: None
  • Modulation: None
  • Polarity: Treatment electrode is initially POSITIVE (anode = Acute!); later in healing, use NEGATIVE (cathode = chronic)
  • Tx time:
    30-120 min, 1-3x daily, 5-7 days/week (DC or MPC)
    **OR Continuous (DC)
    Both: 1-8 weeks or more (as needed)
19
Q

Iontophoresis

A

DC

  • Dur: None
  • Current density:
  • **Cathode: <= 4mA
  • Treatment time: 10-40 minutes

Extremities (2 decks)

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