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Electrical Fundamentals > Electrical Theory > Flashcards

Electrical Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Atom and what does it contain?

A

An atom is the smallest part of a substance that cannot be changed without creating a new substance. It contain both protons and neutrons within the nucleus and electrons in its layered shells.

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2
Q

What characteristics of an atom determine the energy level and attraction of an electron?

A

The shell that it is on will determine the energy of the electron and the distance from the nucleus will determine the strength of its bond.

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3
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost an electron creating an un-equal amount of protons to electrons and giving the atom either a positive or negative charge. Overall creating an atom which is no longer neutral.

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4
Q

What is valence/valency?

A

Valence is used to describe the bonding of electrons between different atoms in the outer shell.

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5
Q

What materials can conduct?

A

Anything can conduct with a high enough voltage.

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6
Q

What is a conductor?

A

A conductor is an atom with fewer than 4 electrons and require little voltage to create a current flow?

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7
Q

What is an insulator?

A

An insulator has more than 4 electron on the outer shell and requires a much larger voltage to create a current flow.

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8
Q

What is a semi-conductor?

A

A semi-conductor can have its resistance manipulated to create a current flow or do the opposite effect. This means that they can be used as a switch.

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9
Q

What is the charge flow within a gas?

A

Both electrons and ions flow. This is also know as (Ionisation)

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10
Q

What is the charge flow within a solid?

A

Only electrons flow due to its fixed structure.

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11
Q

What is the charge flow of liquids?

A

Only ions flow.

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12
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

It is the charge separation and conduction through a liquid.

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13
Q

What happens in a covalent bond?

A

The electrons are combined in the outer shell not shared.

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14
Q

What happens in an electro-valent bond?

A

The electrons are shared but the outer shells do not combine.

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15
Q

What is the charge of a cathode?

A

Negatively charged.

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16
Q

What is the charge of an Anode?

A

Positively charged.

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17
Q

Are cathions attracted to the Cathode or Anode?

A

They are attracted to the Cathode which is negatively charged.

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18
Q

Are anions attracted to the Cathode or Anode?

A

They are attracted to the Anode which is positively charged.

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19
Q

Which of these corrodes?

  1. Anode
  2. Cathode
A
  1. Anode
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20
Q

Where are free electrons more commonly found?
A. Conductors
B. Semi-Conductors
C. Insulators

A

A. Conductors

This is because they have more space to move around.

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21
Q

What is current?

A

Current is the flow of electrons per second within a circuit and is measured in coulombs.

22
Q

What is resistance?

A

Resistance is the measurement of a components or circuits opposition to current flow.

23
Q

What is a DC voltage?

A

A DC voltage is a voltage input in which it does not change polarity as they are fixed.

24
Q

What is an AC voltage?

A

An AC Voltage is a voltage input in which the polarity is constantly switching the position is not fixed.

25
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Static electricity can be produced by contact, friction or induction. As an example, a glass rod rubbed with fur becomes negatively charged, but if rubbed with silk, it becomes positively charged.

26
Q

What is a free electron?

A

A free electron is an electron located on the outer shell of an atom and are the electrons which are ‘free’ to move from material to material (atom to atom)

27
Q

What types of materials can hold static charge?

  1. Conductors
  2. Semi-conductors
  3. insulators
A
  1. Insulators
28
Q

What is an ionised atom?

A

An ionised atom is an atom with a missing electron in its outer shell.

29
Q

What is charge?

A

Charge is the amount of coulombs per second of electron flow through a circuit.

Needs Checking

30
Q

Which has more electrons?

  1. Conductors
  2. Insulators
A
  1. Conductors have more free electron as they have more space to move around.
31
Q

Name 5 conductors:

A
  1. Gold
  2. Platinum
  3. Silver
  4. Copper
  5. Aluminium
32
Q

Name the two main Semi-Conductors:

A
  1. Silicon

2. Germanium

33
Q

Name 3 insulators:

A
  1. Mica
  2. Porcelain
  3. Rubber
34
Q

What is a Dopent? and What is Doping?

A

A dopent is an additional material Which is used to provide assistance to a semi-conductor to make them more conductive and allow for more free electrons.

35
Q

Are Anions positive or negatively charged?

A

Anions are negatively charged.

36
Q

Are cations positively or negatively charged?

A

Cations are positively charged.

37
Q

Where is Static most common?

A) hot temperatures
B) cold temperatures

A

B) cold temperatures

38
Q

When light is produced by heating what is this known as?

A

Incandescent

39
Q

What effects are always present when there is a current /electricity?

A

Heating and magnet field.

40
Q

When electrons collide they move up a shell level however they do eventually lose the energy to remain there and move back down. The release of this energy is let out as?

A

Photons (light energy)

41
Q

Resistance within a circuit is also referred to as?

A

The braking action.

42
Q

What is light irradiation?

A

Light irradiation is the input of light to beak bonds.

43
Q

Electrical force will exert a push or pull force on each other without coming into contact.

True or Flase

A

True!

44
Q

Electrical flux lines take the shortest means possible to get from a Positive to a negative charge.

True or false?

A

True!!!

45
Q

What does the density of the flux lines represent?

A

The quantity of the electrical excitation between both charges.

46
Q

What is EMF?

A

Electromotive force.

47
Q

In series the current is the different at each point true or false?

A

False it is the same at each point.

48
Q

The sum of the individual currents =?

A

Current total.

49
Q

What sort of materials can hold a static charge?

A

Insulators hold a static charge as a conductor would discharge the static and conduct it.

50
Q

What can cause a hotspot in a circuit?

A

Generally bad practices and damage can cause a wire to lose some of its cross sectional area. With an un-changed current flow this can then mean that the flow density has increased at the point of damage and a build up of electrons can occur.

Electrical Fundamentals (1 decks)

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