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Automotive Level 1 > Electrical Systems/ Fundamentals > Flashcards

Electrical Systems/ Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that occupies space in liquid, solid or gas form

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2
Q

In simple terms, what is electricity

A

It is the flow of electrons from one atom to another

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3
Q

What charge does an electron have

A

Negative

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4
Q

What charge does a proton have

A

Positive

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5
Q

What charge does a neutron have

A

No charge

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6
Q

What is a balanced atom

A

An atom that contains an equal amount of protons and electrons (i.e. 7 protons, 7 electrons)

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7
Q

If a conductor has _________ in the valence ring, it would be considered a good conductor

A

3 or less Electrons

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8
Q

Semi conductors have _______in the valence ring

A

Exactly 4 Electrons

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9
Q

An insulator has to have ______ in the valence ring

A

5-8 Electrons

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10
Q

The bigger the gauge of a wire the : _________

A

The more conductive and less resistant it is

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11
Q

The smaller the wire is the : ______

A

More resistant it is

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12
Q

What is Conventional Theory

A

The theory that electrons flow from the positive side of a battery to the negative

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13
Q

What is Electron Theory state

A

That electricity flow from negative to positive sides of a battery

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14
Q

What is current

A

Intensity or amperage , flow rate

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15
Q

What are two effects of current flow?

A

Heat , Electromagnetism

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16
Q

What does Ohms Law state (in simple terms)

A

It takes 1 volt to push 1 amp through 1 ohm of resistance

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17
Q

What is the function of a circuit breaker?

A

It is meant to trip once the current is overloaded

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18
Q

Any fuse in any circuit should be _____ more than the designed circuit current

A

20% more

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19
Q

What does a variable resistor (Rheostat) do?

A

Modifies current

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20
Q

What does a Potentiometer do?

A

Varies the voltage

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21
Q

What is the job of a Capacitor?

A
  • Holds/ stores electricity (Voltage)
    -Will smooth out an electrical signal
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22
Q

Describe a relay

A

It is a magnetic switch that uses a movable armature to control a heavy electrical load by using a low amp electrical switch

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23
Q

Sending a small amount of current to a relay will : _____

A

Cause a large current to exit

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24
Q

Which side is the control side of an ISO relay?

A

85 and 86

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25
Q

What is sometimes placed in the control side of a relay to prevent voltage spikes by dissipating it?

A

A diode

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26
Q

What is referred to as a hole

A

The space in a valence ring where another electron can fit

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27
Q

What is P-Type Material

A
  • A semi conductive material that is positive and wants negative
  • Has holes for additional electrons
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28
Q

How is a P- Type Material produced

A

By doping silicon or germanium with the elements boron or indium

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29
Q

What is an N- type Material

A
  • Is Negatively charged and wants positive
  • A semiconductor that has excess electrons because of the impurity added
  • Will repel additional electrons
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30
Q

How is an N- type Material Produced

A

By doping silicon or geranium with phosphorus, arsenic or antimony

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31
Q

On a diode was is the positive electrode called

A

An Anode

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32
Q

On a diode what is the negative electrode called

A

Cathode

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33
Q

When diodes operate they use ____ Volts

A

0.5 to 0.7

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34
Q

What is a Diode

A

An electronic device made of P and N type materials, bonded at a junction. It allows current to flow through in one direction and blocks it from going back

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35
Q

To have a continuous flow of electricity what three conditions must be present

A
  • An excess of electrons in one place
  • A lack of electrons in another place
  • A path between the two places
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36
Q

On a multimeter what is the rating for high voltage

A

Cat 3 1000v

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37
Q

When measuring resistance using a ohmmeter, the circuit must be : ________________________

A

De-powered and the component isolated

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38
Q

In automotive only solder with _________

A

Rosin core solder or rosin paste

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39
Q

Batteries act as ___________

A

Voltage stabilizers

40
Q

A battery cell is made up of : __________________

A

Spongy lead, lead peroxide, separators, and an electrolyte sulfuric acid mixed with water.

41
Q

The negative plate in a battery cell is made of:

A

Spongy Lead (Pb)

42
Q

The positive plate in a battery cell is made of:

A

Lead Peroxide (PbO2)

43
Q

What is the electrolyte in a cell made up of when the battery is fully charged?

A

64% Water (H2O) and 36% Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

44
Q

How do batteries work?

A

When two dissimilar metal plates are immersed in electrolyte they create voltage

45
Q

How many cells does a 12 v battery have?

A

6 series connected cells

46
Q

What color do positive plates tend to be?

A

Brown

47
Q

What color do negative plates tend to be?

A

Grey

48
Q

What type of battery is better able to handle being discharged over and over

A

Deep Cycle Battery

49
Q

The specific gravity of a fully charged electrolyte is: _______

A

1.260 -1.280 at 25C

50
Q

What gas does a lead acid battery give off while charging?

A

Hydrogen

51
Q

How many volts in a singular cell in a 12 v battery

A

2.1 Volts

52
Q

What is the main advantage of a Zener Diode

A

Its a specially constructed diode that is designed to operate with a reverse bias current. It is perfect for voltage regulation

53
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts

54
Q

What happens to the battery plates and the electrolyte during discharging

A

The Positive and Negative plates become Lead Sulfate (PbSO4) and the electrolyte becomes Water (H2O)

55
Q

What is sulfation

A

This happens when the lead sulfate formed on discharge crystalizes on the surface of the lead plates

55
Q

What are 3 things that can cause Sulfation

A

Alternator not charging, short trips, battery sitting for a long period of time

56
Q

What is the first and last step in disconnecting a battery

A

Remove neg first, connect neg last

56
Q

What is a cycling battery designed to do

A

Produce low current for long periods of time

57
Q

What is a starting battery designed to do

A

Produce high current for very short periods of time

57
Q

Difference between wet and dry charged battery

A

Wet is shipped with electrolyte in it , dry is filled after shipment

58
Q

Low maintenance batteries use

A

5% Antimony to strengthen grids

59
Q

Maintenance free batteries use

A

Calcium

59
Q

AGM stands for

A

Absorbed Glass Material

59
Q

When hydrometer testing the specific gravity difference should not vary ______ between each cell

A

50 points (0.50)

60
Q

A battery is considered discharged when voltage reads _______

A

11.9 Volts

61
Q

What is the Voltage of a battery that’s state of charge is 75%

A

12.4

62
Q

On a built in hydrometer what do the 3 different colors mean

A

Green/Red : Charged
Dark : Discharged
Clear : Low on electrolyte

63
Q

When Heavy battery load testing how do you know the amount of load to apply

A

It is half the CCA rating

64
Q

How do manufacturers decide a CCA rating

A

The number of amp load a battery will maintain at -17.8 C for 30 seconds. Volts should not fall below 7.2

65
Q

CA is tested at : ______

A

0 C for 30 seconds and must maintain at least 7.2 V

66
Q

What is the industry standard maximum milliamps that can leave a battery during a draw test

A

0.050 / 50 milliamps

67
Q

What does PNP and NPN mean on a transistor

A

PNP means current is flowing from the high current side and NPN means it is flowing towards the current side

68
Q

What are 3 things a transistor can do

A

Can act like a switch, we can verify the current and can amplify a weak signal

69
Q

When current passes through a load (resistance) some _________ is used up

A

Voltage

70
Q

What would be the result of an open circuit?

A

High Resistance

71
Q

What would be the result of a short to ground

A

High Current

72
Q

What would indicate a bad connection in a circuit

A

High Voltage drop

73
Q

What does the nucleolus of an atom contain?

A

Protons and Neutrons

74
Q

What circuit protection component is placed as close to the battery as possible?

A

Fuse

75
Q

What is the procedure when carbon pile testing a battery

A

Test at half the CCA for 15 second and the voltage must not fall below 9.6 V

76
Q

When checking for voltage drop across a series parallel circuit how much voltage should be used?

A

All of it

77
Q

What is the most typical wire used in automotive?

A

Multi-strand copper

78
Q

What would have the greatest effect on resistance of a wire?

A

The size of the wire

79
Q

What is the formula for Watts law

A

P(Watts)
_______________
E (Voltage) x I (Current)

80
Q

How much current will flow in a circuit with two 10-ohm resistors in series with 20V applied?

A

Rt: 10 + 10 = 20 OHMS LAW = V/R= 20/20 + 1 ohm

81
Q

What would be the effect of adding a load in parallel to a parallel circuit?

A

Current flowing in the circuit would increase

82
Q

What is created through induction

A

Voltage

83
Q

What is an example of a sensor that uses induction

A

Wheel Speed Sensor , Crank sensor , Cam sensor

84
Q

Which is the most common type of coolant or air temp sensor?

A

NTC

85
Q

What happens to an NTC when temperature increases?

A

Resistance goes down

86
Q

How is an ammeter connected to a circuit?

A

In series with the circuit turned on

87
Q

How is an ohmmeter connected to a circuit?

A

With the circuit turned off

88
Q

What would the internal impedance on a good quality multimeter be?

A

10 Mohms

89
Q

What does an upward movement of the trace on a lab scope indicate

A

Increased Voltage

90
Q

To measure voltage drop how must the voltmeter be connected to the circuit

A

In parallel with the power on

91
Q

What is the formula for ohms law

A

V
_______
I | R

Automotive Level 1 (3 decks)

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