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Passive Care > Electrical Stimulation Terminology > Flashcards

Electrical Stimulation Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the person that experimented with face muscles using electrical stimulation?

A

Guillaume de Boulogne

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2
Q

What are some of the physiological effects of electrical stim?

A
  • decrease pain
  • decrease muscle spasm
  • reduce edema
  • stim exercise
  • stim healing
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3
Q

What is required to transmit electricity?

A
  • source of electrons
  • driving force (electron imbalance)
  • path (conductor)
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4
Q

With what type of conductor do you have the least resistance?

A

short, smooth, large diameter

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5
Q

What is capacitance?

A

ability of a material to store a charge

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6
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

V=I*R
R=V/I
I=V/R

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7
Q

What are the two types of current?

A
  • monophasic

- biphasic

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8
Q

What is monophasic current?

A
  • flow in one direction
  • Direct Current
  • either always + or always -
  • charge builds up in tissue
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9
Q

What is another term for monophasic current?

A

Galvanic current

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10
Q

What is biphasic current?

A
  • alternating current

- flow of e- changes direction regularly

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11
Q

What are the wave forms in biphasic current?

A
  • symmetrical: same shape in both phases

- asymmetrical: different positive and negative

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12
Q

What are the net charges in biphasic current?

A
  • balance: equal charge in both phases

- unbalanced: unequal charge

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13
Q

What are the shapes in biphasic current?

A
  • sinusoidal
  • square
  • rectangular
  • triangular
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14
Q

What is phase duration?

A

the time it takes current to leave the isoelectric line to when it returns to this line

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15
Q

How many phase durations are there in a biphasic current?

A

two phase durations for each pulse

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16
Q

What do tissues respond to?

A

phase duration

==>not pulse duration

17
Q

What is amplitude?

A

intensity or magnitude of the current

18
Q

What is peak current?

A

maximum amplitude of the current regardless of duration

19
Q

What type of fiber has a lower threshold?

A

alpha-beta fibers are closer to the skin and stimulated first

20
Q

What is average current?

A

amount of current supplied over a period of time

21
Q

What is strength duration curve?

A

describes the relationship between amplitude of the electrical current and duration

22
Q

How do you alter phase charge?

A

change phase duration and amplitude

23
Q

What are the type of fibers and their corresponding sensation?

A
  • A-beta: tingling
  • A-alpha: vibration
  • A-delta: some discomfort
  • C fibers: pain
  • muscle tissue: extreme pain
24
Q

What is rheobase?

A

minimum amplitude needed to depolarize a nerve fiber when phase duration is infinite

25
Q

What is chronaxie?

A

time required to depolarize a nerve fiber when the peak current is twice rheobase

26
Q

When is there the greatest patient comfort?

A

When amplitude is double rheobase and phase duration is slightly greater than chronaxie

27
Q

What is frequency?

A

number of pulses or cycles per second (pps or Hz)

28
Q

What is the frequency that initiates tetany?

A

50 Hz

29
Q

What is Wedenski’s inhibition?

A

stimulation at high frequency near refractory period of the sensory nerve causes inhibition
==> >1000 Hz

30
Q

What type of generators do we utilize?

A

medium frequency

==> 1000 - 100,000 Hz

31
Q

Where is the current concentrated with closely place pads?

A

concentrated in superficial tissues

32
Q

Monopolar electrode configuration

A
  • two or more unequal sized electrodes are used

- one is active, one is dispersive

33
Q

3 reasons for monopolar electrodeplacement

A
  • deeper penetration
  • greater comfort at dispersive pad when using point
  • create electrical feld with specific polarity
34
Q

Bipolar electode configuration

A
  • two equal sized electrodes are placed over treatment site

- MC for TENS

35
Q

Quadripolar configuration

A
  • often used with interferential current

- two separate leads are used with electrodes placed as cross currents

Passive Care (4 decks)

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