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PAE > Electrical Stimulation > Flashcards

Electrical Stimulation Flashcards

1
Q

Transfer of Electrons

A

Charge

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2
Q

Net charge of an object

A

Polarity

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3
Q

4 Fundamental Properties of ES

A

Positive & Negative charge
Like charges repel, opposites attract
Charge is neither created nor destroyed
Charge can be transferred

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4
Q

Net negative pole, produces positive charge

A

Cathode

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5
Q

Net positive pole, produces negative charge

A

Anode

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6
Q

Positive Ion

A

Cation

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7
Q

Negative Ion

A

Anion

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8
Q

Force that pushes charge

A

Voltage

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9
Q

Movement of Ions

A

Current (Amp/A)

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10
Q

Allows free movement

A

Conductors

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11
Q

Does not allow free movement

A

Insulators

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12
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

I = V/R = ohm

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13
Q

Opposition to flow of current

A

Resistance

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14
Q

Form of resistance that is frequency-dependent

A

Impedance

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15
Q

Produced by interference of 2 mediums (1,000 - 10,000 Hz) and is quadripolar

A

Interferential Current (IFC)

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16
Q

Twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current (150 to 500 V)

A

High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC)

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17
Q

Effects of IFC

A

Therapeutic effects
Pain modulation
Muscle contraction

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18
Q

Effects of HVPC

A

Pain modulation
Wound/tissue healing

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19
Q

2,500 Hz carrier frequency and used for quads strengthening

A

Russian protocol

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20
Q

Other name for Russian Protocol

A

Medium Frequency Burst AC (MFburstAC)

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21
Q

Time-dependent parameters

A

Pulse duration
Phase duration
Interpulse interval

22
Q

Magnitude of the current

A

Amplitude/Voltage/Intensity

23
Q

of cycles/second

A

Frequency (Hz/pps)

24
Q

Time which a train of pulses occur

A

On time

25
Q

Time which there are no current flows

A

Off time

26
Q

From zero to max amplitude

A

Ramp up time

27
Q

Current amplitude to zero

A

Ramp down time

28
Q

Effects of ES

A

Stimulation of AP in nerves
Muscle depolarization
Ionic effects

29
Q

Contraindications of ES

A

Pacemakers
Placement over carotid sinus
Areas of venous/arterial thrombosis of thromobophlebitis
Pregnancy

30
Q

Precautions of ES

A

Cardiac disease
Impaired mentation/sensation
Malignant tumors
Areas of skin irritation/wounds

31
Q

Fibers recruited by physiological ms contraction

A

Slow-twitch Type I ms fibers

32
Q

Fibers recruited by electrical stimulation ms contraction

A

Fast twitch Type II ms fibers

33
Q

2 principles of ES ms contraction

A

Overload
Specificity

34
Q

Application of EC to motor nerves to produce contractions of ms they innervate

A

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)

35
Q

Application of EC to produce ms contraction during functional activity

A

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

36
Q

Application of EC directly on to the ms to produce contraction

A

Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)

37
Q

Parameters for muscle strengthening

A

PF: 35-80 pps/Hz
PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large)
On/Off: 1:5
RT: 2 secs
TT: 10-20 mins
x/Day: Every 2-3 hrs

38
Q

Parameters for muscle reeducation

A

PF: 35-50 pps/Hz
PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large)
On/Off: depends on functional activity
RT: 2 sec
TT: Depends on functional activity (10-20 mins)
x/Day: NA

39
Q

Muscle spasm reduction

A

PF: 35-50 pps/Hz
PD: 150-200 μs (Small), 200-350 μs (Large)
On/Off: 1:1 (2-5 seconds)
RT: 1 secs
TT: 10-30 mins
x/Day: Every 2-3 hrs

40
Q

Application of ES to Ortho conditions

A

ACL reocnstruction

41
Q

Application of ES to Ortho conditions

A

ACL reconstruction
Total Knee Arthroplasty
RA
PFPS

42
Q

Short-duration, higher frequency pulses. Stimulates A beta; acute and chronic pain

A

Conventional TENS (high-rate TENS)

43
Q

Longer pulse duration and higher amplitudes. Stimulates A delta.

A

Acupuncture-like TENS (low-rate TENS)

44
Q

Stimulation is delivered in bursts. Stimulates A delta and beta.

A

Burst-mode TENS

45
Q

Indicated for painful procedure such as labor and wound debridement

A

Brief-intense TENS

46
Q

Uses small electrodes to focal effect

A

Hyper-stimulation TENS

47
Q

Electrodes are placed on the skin overlying acupuncture points

A

Electroacupuncture

48
Q

Parameters for Conventional TENS

A

PF: 100-150 pps/Hz
PD: 50-80 μs
A: Tingling
TT: Maybe used for 24 hrs
P: Acute/Chronic

49
Q

Parameters for Acupuncture

A

PF: 2-10 pps/Hz
PD: 200-300 μs
A: Visible contraction
TT: 20-30 mins
P: Chronic

50
Q

Parameters for Burst-mode

A

PF: 50-100 pps/Hz
PD: 50-200 μs
A: Visible contraction
TT: 20-30 mins
P: Diffuse

51
Q

Parameters for Brief Intense

A

PF: 80-150 pps/Hz
PD: 50-250 μs
A: Highest tolerable
TT: < 15 mins
P: Painful procedures

52
Q

Parameters for Hyperstimulation

A

PF: 1-5 pps/Hz
PD: 150-300 μs
A: Visible contraction
TT: 30-60 secs/area
P: MPS, Taut bands

PAE (7 decks)

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