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Numeracy, Chemistry And Physics For Biological And Biomedical Sciences > Electrical Principles 2 > Flashcards

Electrical Principles 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nature of electric charge?

A

Positive and negative charges interact with each other.

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2
Q

Define electric current.

A

The rate of flow of charge, measured in amperes (A).

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3
Q

What does the equation I = dQ/dt represent?

A

It defines electric current (I) as the rate of change of charge (Q) over time (t).

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4
Q

What is voltage (V)?

A

Voltage is the electrical potential difference, measured in volts (joules/coulomb).

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5
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

It relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) as V = IR.

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6
Q

Define resistance.

A

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of charge, measured in ohms (Ω).

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7
Q

What is conductance?

A

Conductance (G) is the ease with which charge flows, measured in siemens (S) and is the reciprocal of resistance.

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8
Q

How do you calculate total resistance for resistors in series?

A

R_T = R_1 + R_2 + … + R_N.

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9
Q

What is the relationship between current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R) in a series circuit?

A

The same current flows through each component.

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10
Q

How do you calculate total resistance for resistors in parallel?

A

1/R_T = 1/R_1 + 1/R_2.

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11
Q

True or False: A potential difference applied across a resistor can be used to calculate current using Ohm’s Law.

A

True.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: A capacitor is an electric device that ______.

A

stores charge.

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13
Q

What is capacitance (C) and how is it measured?

A

Capacitance is the ability to store charge, measured in farads (F).

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14
Q

What factors affect the capacitance of a capacitor?

A
  • Surface area of the plates (A)
  • Distance between the plates (d)
  • Properties of the dielectric material.
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15
Q

What happens to current when a capacitor is fully charged?

A

No current flows around the circuit.

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16
Q

What is the equation for capacitance?

A

C = ε₀ * ε_r * A/d.

17
Q

What does ε₀ represent?

A

The electric constant, approximately 8.854 x 10^-12 F/m.

18
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane in relation to capacitance?

A

The cell membrane acts as a capacitor, maintaining a charge gradient.

19
Q

How is input resistance (R) calculated in a biological context?

A

R = V/I, where V is the change in membrane potential and I is the injected current.

20
Q

What is patch-clamp electrophysiology?

A

A technique to record bio-electrical currents across a cell membrane while controlling membrane voltage.

21
Q

What is patch-clamp electrophysiology?

A

A high resolution electrophysiological recording method that allows recording of bio-electrical currents across a cell membrane while controlling membrane voltage.

22
Q

Who developed patch-clamp electrophysiology?

A

Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher.

23
Q

In whole-cell mode of patch-clamp, what is recorded?

A

Currents derived from multiple channels/receptors.

24
Q

In single channel mode of patch-clamp, what is recorded?

A

Currents that flow through a single receptor channel.

25
Q

What is the unit of resistance in the context of cell membranes?

A

Megaohm.

26
Q

What is the value of 1 megaohm in ohms?

A

1 x 10^6 ohm.

27
Q

What is the unit symbol for current?

A

A (ampere).

28
Q

What is the unit symbol for resistance?

A

Ω (ohm).

29
Q

What is the unit of electrical potential?

A

Volt.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: In patch-clamp electrophysiology, the unitary current amplitude was measured at _______ pA.

A

-1.5 pA.

31
Q

What is the holding potential mentioned in the single channel currents?

A

-60 mV.

32
Q

What type of electrode is used to record single channel currents?

A

Outside-out patch pipette.

33
Q

True or False: The conductance is measured in siemens.

A

True.

34
Q

What does 1 pA equal in terms of charge?

A

10^-12 coulombs.

35
Q

What is the role of the Axopatch 200B in patch-clamp electrophysiology?

A

It functions as an amplifier.

36
Q

List three components commonly used in patch-clamp electrophysiology.

A
  • Axiovert 135 microscope
  • Grass stimulator
  • Oscilloscopes
37
Q

How many ions can be calculated to pass through a channel in one second if the current is 1 pA?

A

10^12 ions.

38
Q

What is the physical property symbol for charge?

A

Q, q.

39
Q

What is the unit of capacitance?

A

Farad.

Numeracy, Chemistry And Physics For Biological And Biomedical Sciences (2 decks)

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