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Building Utilities > Electrical Layout and Estimate > Flashcards

Electrical Layout and Estimate Flashcards

1
Q

Is a form of energy generated by friction, induction or chemical change, having magnetic, chemical and radiant effect.

A

Electricity

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2
Q

Electrons in Motion

A

Electricity

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3
Q

date when electricity was accidentally discovered by Greeks.

A

600 BC

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4
Q

He is an english physicist, considered Father of Electricity, after publishing his studies on Electric Attraction and The Electric Force

A

William Gilbert

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5
Q

Electricity consists of (3):

A

Electrons

Neutron

Proton

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6
Q

The ___ is the negtaively charged particle of an Atom sometimes referred to as the negative charge of electricity.

A

Electron

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7
Q

On the other hand, the ____ is the positively charged particle of an Atom which is sometimes referred to as the positive charge of electricity that weighs about 1850 times as much as the Electron.

A

Proton

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8
Q

____ is that particle of an Atom which is not electrically charged and weighs slightly more than the proton.

A

Neutron

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9
Q

Is the term applied to an atom or molecule which is not electrically balanced. It is an atom or molecule that is electrically cahrged. It simply mean there is a loss or gain of one or more electrons. It occur when the electrons in the atom is loosened through friction by another atom. Therefore, the presence of electrons in any organic or inorganic substance is a fact, that electricity is always present.

A

Ion

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10
Q

Volt or voltage is the electrical pressure that causes the electrons to move theough a conductor (wire). It is an Electromotive FOrce

A

Volt or Voltage

Comparatively, to have 12 volts is like having 12 pounds of water pressure inside the pipe of a water system. Thusm the higher the voltage, the more electricity will be forced to flow.

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11
Q

Volt was named after this Italian scientist who discovered that electrons flow when two different metals are connected by a wire and then dipped into a liquid that conduct or carry electrons.

A

Alessandro Volta

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12
Q

Is the standard unit used in measuring the strength of an electric currrent, named after Andre M Ampere.

A

Ampere

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13
Q

It is the amount of current flow, sent by one volt through the resistance of one Ohm,. When there is too mush flow of electricity in a small conductor or wire, heat is produced which eventually may blow-off the protective devise called fuse, or burn the wire insulator and create fire.

A

Ampere

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14
Q

Watt is name after _____, a scottish inventor.

A

James Watt

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15
Q

Is the rate or measure of power used or consumed. It represents the equivalent heat volts and ampere consumed by lights, appliancces or motors.

A

Watt

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16
Q

Refers to the wire installations that supply current to light and convenient outlets.

A

Circuit

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17
Q

IS the firction or opposition to the flow of current by the wires and transformers, analogous to plumbing installation, where the flow of water is subjected to resistance caused by friction between the water and the inside wall of the pipe, and the various form of turns and fittings.

A

Resistance

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18
Q

For direct current (DC), friction is ______

A

Resistance

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19
Q

For alternating current (AC), friction is ______.

A

Impedance

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20
Q

Factors that influences Conductor Resistnace. (4)

A

Composition of the conductor

Length of wire

Cross sectional area of wire (eg the bigger the section the lower the resistance)

Temperature

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21
Q

is the flow or rate of flow of electric force in a conductor.

A

Electric Current

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22
Q

Types of Electric Current

A

DC

AC

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23
Q

flows in one direction, the flow is said to be from negative to positive, a dry cell or storage battery.

A

DC

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24
Q

Constantly reverses its direction of flow, it is generated by machine called generator, this type of current is universally accepted because of its unlimited number of applications with the following advantages.

Easily produce

cheaper

it can be transformed to higher voltage and drop it to low voltage

more efficient compared to DC

A

Alternating Current

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25
Q

who advocates the DC

A

Thomas Edison

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26
Q

who advocates the AC

A

George Westinghouse

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27
Q

The AC current goes through one positive loop and one negative loop to form one complete cycle that is continuously repeated.

The number of times this cycle of plus and minus loop occur per second is called the _____ expressed in cycles per second normally referred to as Hertz.

A

Frequency of Alternating Current

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28
Q

The hertz is named after German physicist ___

A

Heinrich Hertz

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29
Q

Frequency of DC is ___

A

Zero

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30
Q

unit of Resistance

A

OHMS

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31
Q

The higher the Voltage, the ___ the Current.

A

Larger

(direct proportional)

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32
Q

The higher the resistance, the ____ the current.

A

Lower

(inversely proportional)

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33
Q

Ohms law formula for DC:

A

I = V/R

whre

I = current

V = voltage

R = resistance for DC electricity

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34
Q

Ohms law for AC:

A

I=V/Z

where

I - Current

V= Voltage

Z= impedance

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35
Q

unit of Current

A

Ampere (A), amp

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36
Q

Under the principles of DC electricity. Power is the product of voltage and current.

A

Watts = Volts x Amperes

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37
Q

Under the principle of AC electricity, the product of volts and amperes is equal to the quantity called volt-ampere (va) which is not the same as watts, thus:

A

Volt Amperes = Volts x Amperes

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38
Q

To convert volt-ampere to watts or pwoer, a power factor (pf) is introduced, and to get power in an AC circuit, we have the following formula:

A

Watts = Volts x Amperes x power factor

W=V x I x pf

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39
Q

A 12 amperes electric fan and blower with a power of 0.85 was connected to a 240 volts convenient outlet (CO). Calculate the current and power in the circuit

A

W = 240v x 12 amp x 0.85

W = 2,448 watts

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40
Q

An electric motor has a trade mark label of 2 horse power, 240 volts, 15 amperes,. Calculate the motor power factor.

A

Assume motor efficiency say 85%

1 HP is equal to 746 watts,

746 x 2 = 1492 watts

Efficientcy = 1492/85

1755 watts

For AC Current:

power = volts x amperes x power factor

power factor = (power/volts x amperes)

pf = 1755 / 240 x 15amp

pf = .4875

Volt-Amperes = 240 v x 25

Volt Amperes = 3600 va

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41
Q

The higher the voltage, the larger the current, and the higher the resistance, the lower the current.

A

Ohms Law

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42
Q

In 1962, ____ a german scientist, discovered the relationship between the Current, Voltage and resistance now referred to as the OHms Law.

A

George Simon Ohm

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43
Q

Ohms Law formula:

A

I = V/R

where

I = current (ampere)

V= electromotive formce (volts)

R = resistance (ohms)

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44
Q

Determine the current flow in a circuit having a resistance of 5 ohms on a 120 volts and 240 volts current supple. (circuit refers to electrical wiring installation.

A

For 120 Volts

I=V/R=120/5

I = 24 amperes

For 240 Volts

I = V/R = 240/5

I = 48 Amperes

It can be conclueded from the foregoing illustrations that a 240 volts circuit is better choice than using a 120 volt circuit as computed with 48 and 24 amperes respectively.

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45
Q

Power =____

A

Voltage x Ampere

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46
Q

Two types of circuit

A

Parallel Circuit

Series Circuit

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47
Q

A single path exist for current flow, that is, the elements are arranged in a series on after the other with no branches. Being a single path in a seriesarrangement and resistance simply adds.

A

Series Connection

Voltage Total = V1 + V2 + V3

Resistance Total = R1 + R2 + R3

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48
Q

Two Automobile headlights are connected in a series to a 12 volts battery each having a resistance of 1 ohm. What is the current flowing in the circuit?

A

V = 12volts

Total resistance = R = r1 + r2

I= v/r

= 12v/2

I = 6 amperes

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49
Q

Another example of a series connection is the _____ having a single wire supplying the current. When a single bulb breaks off, the flow of current is also cut off, putting the entire series of light into total darkness.

A

String of Christmas Light

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50
Q

The parallel circuit is sometimes referred to as ____ where the loads are placed across the same voltageconstituting a separate circuit

A

Multiple Connections

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51
Q

___ is the standard arrangement for house wiring connections wherein the lights constitute one parallel grouping and the convenience wall outlets constitute the second parallel grouping.

A

Parallel CIrcuit

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52
Q

The fundamental principle under this type of circuitry is that “loads in parallel are ____ for current, and that each has the ___ voltage.

A

additive

same

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53
Q

Ohms Law

AS resitance increases, current decreases. When current rises instantly to a very high level, the condition will constitute a ____. Hence, it is mandatory for all circuit to be protected by fuse or circuit breaker that automatically open and disable the line in case of a fault or short circuit.

A

Short Circuit

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54
Q

_____ is a simple static device consisting of a magnetic core wherein the primary and secondary windings are made. The voltage is directly proportional to the number of windings or turns. Thus, if a 120 AC will be connected to the left side containing 100 turns, 240 volts would be on the right side containing 200 turns.

A

Transformer

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55
Q

__ is the technical term for the common word work.

A

POwer

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56
Q

___ is the product of power and time expressed in the following equiation:

ENergy or Work= Power x time

A

Work

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57
Q

In electrical terms, energy is synonymous with ___.

A

Fuel

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58
Q

___ is expressed in units of BTU (calories), foot pound (joules) or kilowatt hour.

A

Energy

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59
Q

Under the english unit system, the unit of power is expressed in “____(3).

A

Horse power, BTU per hour, watt and kilowatt

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60
Q

Under the Metric system or SI, it is correspondingly expressed as ____ (3)

A

Joules per second, calories per second, watts and kilowatts

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61
Q

In physical terms, ___ is also the rate at which fuel or energy is used and expressed as liters of fuel per hour, cubic meter of gas per minute or tons of coal per day. etc.

A

Power

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62
Q

The measuring unit of electric power is the ___

A

Watt

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63
Q

1kW =

A

1000watts

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64
Q

Derivation of W= VI

A

Watt = I2 x R

Ohms Law:

V = IR

since W = I2 R

W = VI

where.

W=watts

R=Ohms

I=Amperes

V=Volts

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65
Q

A mercury lamp having a hot resistance of 50 ohms, is connected to a socket with 240 volts current supply.\

a. How much current, flows through the lamp?
b. calculate the power drawn

A

I = V/R;

I = 240/500:

I = 4.8 amperes

Where power factor (pf) in a purely resistive circuit, such as those with only electric heating elements, impedance or resistance power factor (pf) is equal to 1. Thus

W= VI x pf

= 240 x 4.8 x 1

= 1152 watts

=I2R

= (4.8)2 x 50

= 1152 watts

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66
Q

Determine the monthyly energy consumption of the following appliance:

Water Heater; Load of 1000 watts, daily used of 3 hours

A

1000 = 1kW x 3 hrs = 3kwh

If the average cost of energy (not power) is t.00 per kwh for 30 days consumption, multiply:

30 x 3 = 90kwh x 5.00

450 pesos

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67
Q

In a series circuit - ___ is the same throughout but ___ differs.

A

Current

Voltage

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68
Q

In a parallel circuit, the __ is the same but the ___ differs.

A

voltage

current

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69
Q

Take note that in a ___ arrangement, all current loads cumulatively add. For instance, appliances and light loads connected to a parallel circuit has the same voltage imposed, but each load draws a different current according to its wattage rating.

A

Parallel

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70
Q

The power loss in the conductor wire is transformed into heat. COmparatively, a 1200 watts appliance rating has 10 amperes current flow on a 120 volts current supply compared to 5 amperes only on a 240 volts current supply. Therefore, it is certain to say that ___________.

A

bigger wire is required on a 120 volts that on a 240 volts current supply.

Here’s a proof:

1200/120 volt supply = 10 amperes

1200/240 volts supply = 5 amperes

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71
Q

A smaller diameter wire on a 240 volts current can safely carry more current in proportion with its weight than a larger diameter wire on a 120 volts supply current.

A
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72
Q

The ___ the circuit voltage the more economical the system will be.

A

Higher

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73
Q

1 HP =

A

746 watts

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74
Q

The owner of a 5kw electric motor irrigation pump, requested line connection from the electric cooperative. The owner was given an option to avail of either 120 or 240 volts service. What is the good choice if the circuit line has a resistance of .42 Ohms?

A
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75
Q

Voltage Drop formula :

A

Voltage Drop = V/Supply Volt = % of Voltage Drop

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76
Q

AWG

A

American Wire Gauge

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77
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

no 14 (2mm2)

A

15 ampere

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78
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

no 12 (3.5mm2)

A

20 ampere

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79
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

no 10 (5.5mm2)

A

30 ampere

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80
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

No. 8 (8mm2)

A

40 ampere

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81
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

No 6

A

55 ampere

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82
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

no 4

A

70 ampere

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83
Q

Wire size and ampere capacity

Identify ampere capacity

no. 0

A

125 ampere

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84
Q

___ insulators are those with extremely high resistance to current flow and moderate resistance to load resistor.

A

Good

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85
Q

Insulation is rated by voltage from 300 to 15000 volts. If the insulation used is above its specified rating, the ____ is high which might cause short circuit and arcing that may result to fire.

A

Risk of breakdown

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86
Q

Ordinary conductor wieres for buildings is normally rated at ___ or ___ volts

A

300 or 600 volts

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87
Q

__ are those electrical conductors 8..2 (AWG no 8) and smaller in sizes.

A

Wires

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88
Q

___ on the other hand are those which are larger than the wires.

A

Cables

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89
Q

2 types of cables or wires.

A

Stranded Wire or Solid WIre

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90
Q

Consists of a group of wires twisted to form a metallic string. THe circular mil area of a stranded wire is found by multiplying the circular mil area of each strand by the total number of strand.

A

Stranded Wire

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91
Q

__ is the term given to an insulated stranded wire.

A

Cord

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92
Q

The word __ that is equal to 1/1000 of an inch was used to describe or measure a rounded wire diameter. If a wiere has a diameter of one mil, it has a cross sectional area of one circular mil.

A

Mil

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93
Q

1 diameter mil

A

1 circular mil

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94
Q

mil=

A

1/1000”

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95
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

60d C

1.60mm - 500mm2 solid and stranded

Ordinary building wire

A

TW oil resistant thermoplastic

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96
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

75d C

1.6mm - 500mm2 solid and stranded

Building wire wet and dry location

A

THW oil, heat and moisture resistant thermoplastic

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97
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

60dC

.6mm - .3mm2 solid and stranded

Fiture wire single conductor 2 conductor twister or parallel 3 conductor twisted

A

TF thermoplastic fixture wire

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98
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

Copper

1.6mm - 500mm2

Bare overhead transmission line and for ground wire.

A

Bare copper wire (solid) and stranded.

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99
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

1.50 mm - .39mm2 solid and stranded 2-3 and 4 conductors

General purpose

60 d C

A

Armored (BX) Cable

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100
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

no 24 - no20

300 ohms tv wire

A

TV antenna wire

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101
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

no 18 - no 2

105dC

Primary wire spark plug and battery cable

A

Automotive wire

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102
Q

60dC

no 14 - no 10

no 8 - no 1000 MCM

Power cable for aerial and duct 600 volts power cable for aerial duct and direct burial 600 voltz

A

Power cable

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103
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

1.60 mm - 2.60mm2

2,3 and 4 conductors round or flat

For exposed or concealed works in air voilds in masonry blocks or tilewalls not exposed to excessive moisture or dampness. 600 volts

A

Non metallic sheathed cable type NM

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104
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

22/3 conductors

Extension cord telephone equipment

A

Jacketed wire

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105
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

1 pair thru 100 pairs

Interior communications and sound system

A

Intercom cable shileded or unshielded

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106
Q

Different types of Electric wire and cables.

60dC

No 6 - no 4/0

Arc welding machine

A

Welding cable

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107
Q

60dC

No 14 - no 1

2 and 3 conductors round connection.

For submersible pumps of deep wells

A

Submersible pump cable

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108
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

KHW

75dC

FOr Dry and Wet location

A

Moisture and HEat resistant Rubber

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109
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

T/TW

60dC

Dry Location

Dy and wet location

A

Thermoplastic moisture resistant thermoplastic

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110
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

THHN

THW

90dC

75dC

Dry location, Dy and wet location

A

Thermoplastic heat resistant

Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic

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111
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

THWN

75dC

Dry and wet location

A

Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic

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112
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

XHHW

90dC

Dry location

A

Moisture and heat resistant cross linked thermosetting

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113
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

SA

90C

Dry location

A

Silicon Asbestos

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114
Q

Characteristics of Selected Insulated conductors for General Wiring:

AVA

110dC

Dry location

A

Asbestos and varnish cambric

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115
Q

find how many circular mils are there in 21 stranded conductor:

A
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116
Q

Circular mil to Square millimiter

A

Circular mil x 0.0005067

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117
Q

MCM stands for

A

thousand circular mils

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118
Q

What is the equivalent size in square millimeter of a cable 250 MCM?

A

250 MCM = 250,000 circular mils

250,000 x .0005067

= 126.67 mm2

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119
Q

what is Bare Conductors for?

A

For Grounding

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120
Q

Type of Cables

is a fabricated assembly of insulated conductors enclosed in flexbile metal sheath. Armored cable is used both on exposed and concealed work.

A

Armored Cable (AC)

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121
Q
A
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122
Q

Type of Cables

is a factory assembled cable of one or more conductors each individually insulated and enclosed in a metallic sheath of interlocking tape of a smooth or corrugated tube This type of cable is especially used for service feeders, branch circuit and for indoor or outdoor work.

A

Metal Clad Cable

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123
Q
A

Metal Clad Cable (MC)

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124
Q

Type of Cables

is a factory asembly of one or more conductors insulated wit ha highly compressed refractory mineral insulation enclosed in a liquid and gas tight continuous copper sheath. This type of cable is used in dry, wet or continuously moist location as service feeders or branch circuit.

A

Miniral insulated cable MI

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125
Q
A

Mineral insulated Cable (MI)

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126
Q

Type of Cables

Is also a factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors having a moisture resistant, flame retardant, and non-metallic material outer sheath. This type is used specifically for one or two family dwellings not exceeding 3 storey buildings.

A

Non metallic Sheated cable (NM)

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127
Q
A

Non-MEtallic Sheathed cable (NM)

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128
Q

Type of Cables

This type of cable is a factory assembly of two or more insulated conductors in an extruded core of moisture resistant and flame retardant material covered within an overlapping spiral metal tape. This type is used in hazardous locations and in cable trays or in raceways.

A

Shielded Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (SNM)

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129
Q
A

Shielded Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable (SNM)

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130
Q

Types of Cables

Is a moisture resistant cable used for underground conections including direct burial in the ground as feeder or branch circuit.

A

Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit Cable (UF)

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131
Q
A

Underground Feeder and Branch Circuit Cable (UF)

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132
Q

Type of Cables

is of the types SE and USE. A single or multi conductor asembly provided or without an overall covering primarily used for service wire.

A

Service Entrance Cable

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133
Q
A

Service Entrance Cable

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134
Q

Types of Cables

This is a factory assembled two or more insulated conductors with or without associated bare or covered grounding under a metallic sheath. This is sued for installation in cable trays, raceways or where it is supported by messenger wire.

A

Power and Control Tray Cable (TC)

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135
Q
A

Power and Control Tray Cable

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136
Q

Types of Cables

is an assembly of parallel conductors formed integrally with an insulating material web designed specially for field installation in metal surface or raceways.

A

Flat Cable Assemblies (FC)

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137
Q

Types of Cables

consists of three or more flat copper conductor placed edge to edge separated and enclosed within an insulating assembly. This type of cable is used for general purposes such as: appliance branch circuits, and for individual branch circuits, esp in hard smooth continuous floor surfaces and the like.

A

Flat conductor cable (FCC)

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138
Q

Types of cables

is a single or multi conductor solid dielectric insulated cable rated at 2000 volts or higher This type isused for power system up to 35,000 volts.

A

Medium Voltage cable (MV cable)

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139
Q

is defined as the ability of the wire or conductor to carry current without overheating. Conductor resistance to current flow, generaly not ony heat but also contribute to the voltage drop,

A

Ampacity

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140
Q

___ is equal to the components resistance times the current squared.

A

Power Loss

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141
Q

Conductor size and rating shall have sufficient ampacity to carry load, They shall have adequate mechanical strength and shall not be less than the rating of the branch circuit and not less the ___.

A

Maimum load to be served

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142
Q

___ is determine by the maximum operating temperature that its insulation can withsatand continuously without heating. Current flow and conductor’s resistance normally generates heat.

A

Conductors Ampacity

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143
Q

__ refers to either enclosed or open condition on which the wire is placed.

A

Environtment

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144
Q

____ or ability of the conductor to carry load, increases as the sizes of conductor increases. If more than 3 conductors are inserted into a conduit, the temperature also increases and it requires derating of the conductors ampacity.

A

Ampacity

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145
Q

60dC up to ___ AWG copper wire

A

no 8

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146
Q

75d C for bigger than ___ AWG copper wire

A

75dC

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147
Q

means that, the full amount of allowable ampacity, is reduced to a certain percentage due to the environmental condition it is exposed of and the number of wires placed inside the conduit.

A

Derating of Conductors Ampacity

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148
Q

___ are channels or wiring accessories so designed for holdign wires, cables or busbards that are either made of metal, plastic or any insulating mediums.

A

Raceways

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149
Q

Common types of raceways for household wiring

A

The Conduits

The connectors and other accessories

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150
Q

__ is the most common electrical raceways used in all types of construction.

A

Conduit Pipe

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151
Q

Types of conduit materials:

A

Metallic suchas steel pipes or aluminum

Non-metallic such as plastic and the like

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152
Q

__ is a metal sleeve usually made of copper that is slipped over and secured to the butted ends of conductors in making a joint.

A

Connector

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153
Q

Connector is otherwise called ___.

A

Splicing sleeve

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154
Q

EMT

A

Electrical metallic tubing (EMT)

Intermediate metal conduit (IMC) is a steel tubing heavier than EMT but lighter than RMC. It may be threaded. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT), sometimes called thin-wall, is commonly used instead of galvanized rigid conduit (GRC), as it is less costly and lighter than GRC.

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155
Q
A

Stamped steel

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156
Q
A

Malleable Iron

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157
Q
A

C CLamp

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158
Q
A

Pipe clamps

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159
Q
A

U Bolt

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160
Q
A

Side beam clamp

161
Q

____ connectors are used to secure EMT conduits to electrical metallic box.

A

EMT

Konkore EMT fittings are similar to conventional EMT fittingsboth using either set-screw or compression rings to secure EMTpipes. Connectors are mounted to a metallic box using a steel locknut that screw on standard NPSM threads. …

162
Q
A

Compression Type Rain Tight Connection

163
Q
A

Compression Type Rain Tight Coupling

164
Q
A

Set Screw Connector Insulated

165
Q
A

Set Screw Coupling

166
Q

An ___ is a point in the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utulization equipment. In a simple term, an outlet is any point that supplies an electric load.

A

Outlet

167
Q

An ____ usually consists of a small metal or non-metal box into which a raceway and or cable ends.

A

Outlet

168
Q

A ___ is a device that by insertion into a receptacle establishes connection between the conductor of the flexible cord and the conductors connected permanently to the receptacle.

A

Convenience outlet or attachment cap

169
Q
A

2 Pole 3 wire

170
Q
A

3 pole 4 wire locking

171
Q
A

Clock Outlet

172
Q

The common wall outlet is called ____.

A

COnvenience outlet

173
Q

A ___ is another name for the attachment cap on the wire coming from a device such as lamps or appliances.

A

PLug

174
Q
A

octagonal outlet box

used for ceiling and walls

175
Q
A

round outlet box

used in ceiling

176
Q
A

rectangular outlet box

used in ceiling and walls

177
Q
A

Flush Floor Box

178
Q
A

Utility BOx

179
Q
A

Adjustable Junction Box

180
Q

Is an outlet intended for direct connection to a lamp holder, lighting fixture, or a pendant cord, terminating in a lamp holder.

A

Lighting Outlet

181
Q

Is an outlet where one or more receptacles are installed.

A

Receptacle outlet

182
Q

Is not an outlet. By definition, it does not supply current to utilization device.

A

Junction box

Do not allow your electrical contractor to count wall switches and junctions boces as outlets.

183
Q

An __ on the other hand, refers only to the box intself. It does not include the items. The receptacle device is not an electrical load but rather anextension of the box wiring. It is separate from the load device even if it is included as part of the device.

A

Outlet

184
Q

___ is a box with a blank cover that is inserted in one or more runs or raceways to facilitate pulling-in the conductors. It may also serve to distribute the conductors.

A

Pull Box

185
Q

____ are contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of a single attachment plug. Receptacles are included in the general classification of wiring devices. It includes all receptacles and their matching cap (plug), wall switches, small dimmers and outlet box mounted lights.

A

Receptacles

186
Q

A contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of a single attachment plug.

A

Receptacle

187
Q

A ___ is a device that open or closed the circuitry in an electric circuit.

A

Switch

188
Q
A

Rotary Switch

189
Q
A

Toggle Switch

190
Q
A

Key Switch

191
Q
A

momentary contact switch

192
Q
A

Maintained Contact Switch

193
Q

The ____ switch is intended for use in thegeneral distribution and branch circuit rated in amperes. It is capable of interrupting the rated current at a rated voltage.

A

General Use Switch

194
Q

The ___ siwtch is a form of general use siwtch isntalled in flush device boxes or an outlet box cover..

A

General use snap switch

195
Q

The __ siwtch is a switch intended for isolating an electric circuit from the source of power.

A

Isolating Switch

196
Q

__ refers to the complete path travesed by an electric current. Electric circuit is the entire house wiring installation.

A

Electric Circuit

197
Q

____ is defined by the national electrical code (NEC) as “The circuit conductors between the final over current protective device and the outlets.” Wiring installed between the circuit over current protective deviec, eg. fuse, or circuit brear and the outlets.

A

Branch Circuit

198
Q

means that the installation can accomodate all probable pattern arrangements and location of the loads for expansion or future development

A

Flexibility of the Circuit

199
Q

___ means that independent service can be used in line of emergency equipment as backup for normal services.

A

Safety

200
Q

____ circuit supplies outlets for lighting and appliances, including convenience receptacles.

A

General Purpose Branch Circuit

201
Q

____ circuit supplies outlets intended for feeding appliances. Fixed lighting however, is not supplied.

A

Appliane Branch Circuit

202
Q

___ circuit is designed to supply a single specific item.

A

Individual branch circuit

203
Q

The code requires sufficient circuitry to supply residential load of ___ watts per square meter in buildings excluding porches, garages and basements.

A

30

204
Q

Thre requirement of 30 waatts per square meter is up to ___ sq.m for a 20 amperes circuit (2400 watts) or 60 square meters for 15 amperes circuit (1800 watts).

A

80

205
Q

Good practice suggests that the load should not exceed ___ watts for a 20 amperes circuit and __ watts for a 15 amperes circuit.

A

1600

1200

206
Q

15amperes circuit with a maximum area of ____

A

40 sqm

207
Q

20 amperes circuit with a maximum area of __ sqm

A

53 sqm

208
Q

minimum amperes for branch circuit to feed all small appliance outlets in the kitchen, pantry, dining and family room.

A

20 amp

209
Q

wire size for 20 amp.

A

no. 12

210
Q

Code says. All receptacles are potential appliance outlet and at least __ circuits shall be supplied to serve them.

A

2

211
Q

Code says. At least one ___ amp circuit supply the laundry outlets

A

20

212
Q

Lighting and receptacles should not be combined in a ___.

A

Single Circuit

213
Q

Lighting and receptaacles should be supplied with current from at least __ circuits so that if a single line is out, the entire area is not deprived of power.

A

two

214
Q

Provide at least one receptacle in the ___ and ___. Both must be Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) type.

A

Bathroom

Outside the house

215
Q

Convenience outlet though counted as part of the general lighting load shall be limited to __ CO on 15amp.

A

6

216
Q

Convenience outlet though counted as part of the general lighting load shall be limited to __ CO on 20amp.

A

8

217
Q

at least ___ amp circuit supply shall be installed to the laundry outlets.

A

20

218
Q

Convenience outlet shall be laid out in such a manner that no point on a wall is more than ___m from an outlet. use a groundign type receptacle only.

A

2.00m

219
Q

As a rule, branch circuit should be protected from over current. Hence, an over all ____ shall be installed in all branch circuitries.

A

current protective devices

220
Q

The protective devices has but one purpose - to ___, in case there is an excess current flow in the circuit.

A

to interrupt the line

221
Q

The action of the over current protective device is called ____. because it clears the circuit of the ault or over current load. It therefore acts in the same manner as the mechanical device to relieve the machine from excessive pressure.

A

clearing

222
Q

Pressure relief valve in analogy to electrical

A

Circuit Breaker

223
Q

Application of OVer current protection

That the over current protection devices should be installed on the line or ____ of the equipment being proteected.

A

Supply side

224
Q

___ is defined as, an over all current protective device with a circuit opening fusible element which opens (break) when there is an over current in the circuit.

A

Fuse

225
Q

The ____ is a one time protective device to be replaced after the fault is cleared.

A

Fuse

226
Q

Fuse consist of a fusible link or wire that easily melt at low temperature:

The ____ which is enclosed in an insulating fiber tube.

A

Cartridge Type

227
Q

Fuse consist of a fusible link or wire that easily melt at low temperature:

The ___ enclosed in a porcelain cap.

A

Plug fuse type

228
Q

The ___ is an over current protective device designed to function as a switch.

A

Circuit Breaker

229
Q

___ refers to the cutting off or disconnection of the current supply.

A

Trip or Tripping

230
Q

The ___ is defined by the National Electrical Code as “a single panel or group panel limits designed for assembly in the form of a single panel.”

A

Panel Board

231
Q

___ is simpy the box wherein the protective devices are grouped from which they are fed.

A

Panel Board

232
Q

If the devices are fuses, it is called ____.

A

Fuse Panel

233
Q

Ifi the devices are circuit breakers, it is called ___.

A

Breaker Panel

234
Q

A single phase, 3-wire panel is fed with ____ and a ___ connected to the line buses and the neutral bus which varies in:

Ampere ratings of the buses

Type of protective devices installed.

A

Two hot lines

Neutral line

235
Q

Wires for Single Pole:

A

1 Hot

1 Neutral

Ground

236
Q

Wires for Two Pole:

A

2 Hot

1 Neutral

Ground

237
Q

There are as many different format of panel schedule as the numbers of technologists and every one believes that his work is the best. hence, it will be called ____>

A

Schedule of Choice

238
Q

Principles applied in Installing Panel Board:

It must be installed near the load center, as in most cases panel boards are mounted near the ____

A

kitchen and the laundry where heavy duty loads are expected

239
Q

Principles applied in Installing Panel Board:

To limit voltage drop on the branch circuit, the panel board shall be located in such a manner that no circuit wiring connections exceed ___ meters long.

A

3.5m

240
Q

Principles applied in Installing Panel Board:

In the vent that a circuit more than 3.5 meters long cannot be avoided. ____ wire shall be used for runs up to 50 meters long and ___ wire for longer circuits.

A

no 10 AWG

no 8 AWG

241
Q

A panel board with 100cm high or less should be located ___ from the floor to the center line of the box.

A

135cm

242
Q

Panel board with boxes over 100cm high should be located __ cm from the floor to the bottom of the box, except that the highest branch circuit unit should not be more than ____ cm from the floor.

A

75

195

243
Q

If necessary, the box maybe lowered to a distance not less than ___ from the floor to the bottom of the box. However, where a maximum height of 195 cm above the floor to the upper circuit or a minimum distance of 45cm above the floor cannot be done the panel should be divided into ____.

A

45cm

two sections

244
Q

If two or more boxes are adjacent on the same wall, they should be installed with the horizontal center line of each box equidistance from the floor. The center line distance of the higher box controlling the boxes should be installed with a minimum spacing of ___ apart.

A

10 cm

245
Q

Other features of the over current protective device.

The upstream side of the device is called ____. The downstrean side is called the ___.

A

Line side

Load side

246
Q

The ____ and ____ are free standing assemblies of switches, fuses and circuit breakers that provide switching and feeder protection to a number of circuits connected to the main source. It distribute large amount of power into small packages.

A

Switchboard and Switchgear

247
Q

The National Electrical Code requires an entirely separate emergency standby electric supply system on ___ and ____ establishments. The concept of the emergency standby system is to replace normal power supply to selected or entire loads within the building in case of utility power outage.

A

Commercial

Industrial

248
Q

Where emergency loads are large enough that batteries could not be economically feasible, and where 8 to 15 seconds starting time is telerable, a ____ is employed.

A

Generator set

249
Q

The ___ is defined as that portion of the supply conductors which extends from the street main duct or transformer to the service or switchboard of the building supply.

A

Service Entrance

250
Q

The conductor and equipment for the delivering energy from the electricity supply system to the wiring system of the premises served.

A

SErvice Entrance

251
Q

The ___ is the common type of service wire installed by electric power supply companies for industrial, commercial and residential houses. A service drop, is connected from the nearest utility pole to the building service entrance pointand enter the building through the weather head, down to the electric power meter.

A

Overhead Service Entrance

252
Q

The ____ consists of a raceway (conduit) extending from the building to the property line where it is tapped to the main.

Type of Service Entrance

A

Underground Service

253
Q

The cable recommended for underground service entrance is the ___ type cable. A low voltage cable is not advisable for installation in a concrete enveloped raceway, except, when the service equipment is not at the point at which the ground run meets the building.

A

USE (Underground Service Entrance)

254
Q
A

Three Porcelain Spool Insulators on a Secondary Rack

255
Q

Minimum size of conduit for service conductor:

A

25mm diameter

256
Q

Minimum wire size for service wire:

A

No 8 (8mm2)

257
Q

Service entrance may be 2 wires of 120/240 volt or 4 wire with 120/208 or 277/480 volts for larger installations. In each case, the size of the service wire varies from 60, 100, or 200 amperes depending upon the demand load, but generally, the ___ wire service entrance does not exceed __ amperes.

A

60

258
Q

____ is generally installed outside the building at the propoerty lien wall, or electric post for ready access to the meter reader, making it more difficult to tamper or to install jumpers. For multi door services such as apartments and commercial establishments, the use of a master metering is preferred. A battery of metrs are installed in a central meter room or reserved space to facilitate the meter reading and making it a one stop affair.

A

Electric Meter

259
Q

All circuit conductors between the service equipment or the generator switchboard of an isolated plant, and the final branch circuit over current device.

A

The Feeder

260
Q

Feeder for ____ shall be independent and totally separated from the light circuits.

A

electrical motor

261
Q

Feeders requiring more than ____ diameter conduit pipe should not be used.

A

50mm diameter

262
Q

The ____ is a feeder interior wiring extending from the service switch, generator buss, or converter bus, to the main distribution center or electric service equipments.

A

Main

263
Q

The service equipment should be centrally located to shorten all home runs. Branch circuit run in excess of ____ will have an excessive voltage drop.

A

30 meters

264
Q

Location of the Service Equipment

In residential houses, it is located near the heaviest load center such as ____.

A

kitchen and the laundry area

265
Q

The ____ electricty, is a Triple Circuit. The lighting and outlet loads are connected between any phase leg and a neutral line. Machineries and other bigger loads are connected to the phase leg only.

A

Three Phase

266
Q

The three phase system, is used in buildings where the loads exceed 50kVa, or where it is required for the bigger loa such as motors and machineries.

A
267
Q

The neutral conductor of a three phase system, although common to all three lines, only carries the ____. Thus the neutral conductor carries no current when loads both sides of it are balanced. Meaning, if the two legs carries the same load of say 120 volts, the neutral line is zero voltage.

A

Unbalanced Current

268
Q

Difference between single phase and three phase

A

The single-phase power supply has one distinct wave cycle whereas; three phase has three distinct wave cycles. Single phaserequires the single wire to connect the circuit whereas; 3-phaseneeds 3-wires. The voltage of the single phase is 230V, whereasthree phase voltage is 415V.

269
Q

A ___ alternating current can either be 2 or 3 wires. However, a 3 pahse AC has 3 or 4 wires consisting of 3 hout loegs designated as A,B, and C plus a neutral wire designated with letter N. The common electrical circuit serving residential buildign is the two wires receptacle circuit thatfeeds the ceiling and the wall plug. The service entrance is sometimes 3 wires circuit written as, 3 wire 120/240 volt 60 hertz

A

Single Phase

270
Q

Advantages of the Three Phase System

A

The 120 volt is for the lighting and receptacles outlet only.

the 240 volt is for bigger loads.

votlage drop is lower

smaller wire is used

271
Q

3 phase conductor wires color coded

Neutral

A

White or gray color

272
Q

3 phase conductor wires color coded

First Hot line A

A

Black Color

273
Q

3 phase conductor wires color coded

Second Hot line B

A

Red Color

274
Q

A diagram wherein the major components are represented by rectangles or blocks.

A

Block Diagram

275
Q

Diagram presented showing the spatial relations between components.

A

Riser Diagram

276
Q

Diagram which electrical symbols are used instead of blocks.

A

One Line or a Single Line Diagram

277
Q

The ____ is the power supplied by company like Meralco and Electric Cooperative or what the transformer produces.

A

System Voltage

278
Q

___ on the other hand, is the current being utilized after some normal voltage drop.

A

Utilization Voltage

279
Q

When specifying transformer, used the ____ voltage (240/480). For electric motors use ___ voltage (240/460). The 4% utilization voltage drop is within the normal motor tolerance.

A

System Voltage

Utilization Voltage

280
Q

The national electrical code (NEC) defines ____ as Zero Voltage.

A

Ground

281
Q

The purposed of grounding the circuit is to _____

A

fix permanently a zero voltage point in the system. The grouned line of a circuit should not be broken nor fused to maintain a solid and uninterrupted connection to the ground. An stablished ground automatically becomesthe reference for all voltage in the system.

282
Q

Grounding could be accomplished by: (3)

A

Connecting to a buried cold water main

to Groud rod

to buried ground plate

283
Q

All new installations shall use grounded outlets such as ___ and ____ devices on all appliance circuits more particularly on outdoors and bathroom locations of outlets.

A

GFI and GFCI

284
Q

____ is the technical term for the House Wiring Installation. House wiring varies in sizes depending upon the kind of load it is to serve.

A

Branch circuit

285
Q

___ refers to the electricity drawn or consumed by lighting fixtures, appliances, equipment etc.

A

Load

286
Q

The Code provides that wirings for electric circuitry shall be of the types _____ (6) in a raceway or cables.

A

RHW

T

THW

TW

THWN

XHHW

287
Q

Om a 15 amperes circuit, a single appliance shall not draw a maximum load of more than ___ amp.

A

12

288
Q

on a 20 amperes circuit, a single appliance shall not draw current in excess of __ amp.

A

16

289
Q

If a branch circuit is combined with lighting or portable appliances, any fixed appliance shall not be allowed to draw more than ___ amp on a 15 amp circuit and __ amp on a 20 amp circuit.

A

7.5

10

290
Q

That on a 30 amperes circuit, a single appliance draw shall not exceed __ amp.

A

24

291
Q

A heavy lamp holders shall be rated not less than ___ watts

A

750

292
Q

A ___ amperes circuit shall not be used for fixed lighting in residences.

A

30, 40, 50

293
Q

When loads are conneceted for a long period of time, its actual load shall be computed not to exceed ___ of the fuse rating. Long period of time refers to electric motors, air conditioner and other similar units with a continuous loading.

A

80%

294
Q

A continuous type load shall be considered at 125% of the actual load in all load calculations.

A

125%

295
Q

Receptacles feeding portable and or steady appliance shall be limited to loads of 80% of their rating.

12 amp for ___ amp receptacle

16 amp for ___ amp receptacle

24 amp for ___ amp receptacle

A

15

20

30

296
Q

The number of outlets in a circuit shall be limited to:

__ outlets on a 15 ampere circuit

__ outlets on a 20 ampere circuit

A

6

8

297
Q

Unit Watts per Sq. M

that has

24 watts/sq m

A

Dwelling UNits

Schools

Stores

Beauty parlor and barber shops

298
Q

___ watts shall be the maximum load for each house hold lighting outlet.

A

100 watts

299
Q

Ampacity of the connected load shall not exceed ___ of the amperage capacity of the conductor and the fuse.

A

80%

300
Q

For each single receptacle shal be considered at no less than ___ watts rating.

A

180 watts

301
Q

The code specifically mandated the use of a ___ copper wire as the minimum size for all types of convenience outlet wiring except for an appliance with limited load wherein a 2.00mm2 or no 14 AWG wire is permitted.

A

3.5mm2 or No 12 AWG

302
Q

the Code limits the use of ___ conductor as minimum size for service entrance.

A

8.00mm2 or no 8 AWG

303
Q

Service entrance shall have sufficient ampacity to carry the building load. They shall have adequate mechanical strength and shall not be small than __ diameter except for installation to supply limited load of a single branch circuit such as small poly-phase power, controlled water heaters and the like and they shall not be smaller than ___ or ___ diamter copper or equivalent.

A

8mm2 or 3.2mm diameter

3.5mm2

2mm2

304
Q

Artcle 6.7 of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) provides that: “Branch circuit conductor supplying a motor shall have an ampacity not less than ___ of the full load current. eg. ACU

A

125%

305
Q

The code on branch circuit protection for a single motor provides that. It shall be increased by ___ of the full load current of the motor.

A

250%

306
Q

The Neutral conductor of a 3-wire line to line supply system shall have an ampacity of not less than ___ of the ungrounded (live wire) conductor or Two Trade Size smaller than the ungrounded conductor.

A

70%

307
Q

If the computed load exceeds 10000 watts, the conductor and overcurrent protection shall be rated not less than ___ amperes.

A

100

308
Q

The Branch circuit and receptacles for small appliance load shall be rated at no less than ____ watts. However, if the number of receptacles were indicated and specified in the plan, the load is computed ___ watts per outlet.

A

1500

180

309
Q

The protection rating or setting of a motor shall be __ percent (maximum) of the ful load current of the biggest motor being served plus the sum of the full load current of the other motors.

A

250%

310
Q

Symbol for:

Antenna

Lightning Arrester(indicate Kv rating)

Circuit Breaker, indicate rating and setting

Fuse cutout, indicate rating

Ground

Transformer, Indicate Kva type, voltge and phase

Service Entrance. indicate number of conductors, size type and voltage

A
311
Q

_____ lamp are critically dependent on the wattage supply that even for a small fluctuation of the current voltage, its life, output, and efficiency is materially affected.

A

Incandescent Lamps

312
Q

The _____ bulb or lamp is a source of electric light that works by incandescence, which is the emission of light caused by heating the filament. They are made in an extremely wide range of sizes, wattages, and voltages.

last on average for 1 year.

do not contain mercury.

They can be used with a dimmer switch.

A

incandescent light

In 2007 Congress passed the Energy Independence and Security Act requiring new energy-efficient standards for basic light bulbs. All standard 100-, 75-, 60- and 40-watt incandescent bulbs are being phased out and will no longer be produced.

313
Q

______ bulbs are currently the most energy efficient of all types of light bulbs. The materials used to generate the light are encased within a solid material (“solid-state” technology). Practically, this translates into a lamp with a rated life much longer than those using non-solid-state technology.

Available for outdoor use; just make sure the packaging indicates the bulb is rated for outdoor use.

Does not contribute to heat buildup, which helps save on air conditioning.

Suited for signs and indicators, night lights, flashlights, undercabinet fixtures, and some recessed light/downlight applications where the constancy of color temperature is not critical.

A

Light emitting diode (LED)

314
Q

_____ bulbs are primarily used in larger spaces such as warehouses, commercial buildings or in streetlights. They are filled with sodium or mercury vapor that conducts electricity. These bulbs don’t have filaments like most light bulbs, so they last longer.

These lamps are used primarily in applications where the most critical factor is creating as much visible light per watt as possible. Major applications include streetlights, gymnasiums, warehouses, large retail facilities, and stadiums, and plant growing rooms.

A

High Intensity Discharge (HID)

315
Q

_____ bulbs—easily identified by their hallmark curlicue design—use a fraction of the wattage incandescent bulbs use. Both come in a wide variety of wattages, sizes, color temperatures, and base types, and they are known primarily for their efficiency, long life, low cost, and ease of upgrading.

Good for reading and project work.

Don’t work with dimmer switches and aren’t particularly well suited for light fixtures you switch on.

A

Compact fluorescent (CFL)

316
Q

The ______ light bulb or lamp is a type of gas-discharge lamp. Linear fluorescent bulbs come in a wide variety of lengths, diameters, wattages, and color temperatures.

Known for high energy efficiency, long life, and relatively low cost.

Fluorescent tubes will not work without a ballast.

A

linear fluorescent

317
Q

The ____ light bulb or lamp is a type of incandescent lamp which uses a halogen gas in order to increase both light output and rated life, but they use less energy.

Last two to three times longer than standard incandescent bulbs.

Smaller in size than standard light bulbs.

Capable of producing brighter light than standard incandescent designs.

After about 750 to 1000 hours of use, the filament eventually gets so thin that it breaks, which is what happens when your light bulb “burns out.” But, with the invention of the halogen bulb, there is a new solution to illuminate your space without some of the complications of incandescent bulbs.

A

halogen

318
Q

___ Light is a sort of LED light made with environmentally-friendly silicone injections. Each bulb is made from the highest quality resin, found only in Burma. It is very transparent, it won’t break when it’s dropped, and it is not hot to the touch even after it has been illuminated for hours.

The actual color and paint curves inside is totally random and unique, which makes each piece an artwork.

A

E.P. Light

319
Q

___ was first introduced in 1937. It was considered the best, and most widely used type of Lamp. Generally it comes in varieties of sizes, wattages, colors, voltages and specific application.

A

Fluorescent Lamp

320
Q

The ___ fluorescent lamp is the most common type comprising of a cylindrical glass tube sealed at both ends, containing a mixture of an inert gas generally arggon, and low pressure mercury vapor.

A

Cathode

321
Q

The fluorescenet lamp is so called because its ___ radiate light when exposed to ultra violet rays.

A

Phosphors

322
Q

Fluorescent lamp requires ___ in its circuit.

A

ballast

323
Q

The ____ is basically made of coil to limit the current in the circuit in which, if not controlled, will open the fuse or circuit breaker.

A

ballast

324
Q

___ refers to the amount of energy converted to visible light.

A

Efficiency

325
Q

Is a measure of the lumens per watt produced by the lamp

A

Efficacy

326
Q

Fluorescent lamp has longer life span compared with the incandescent lamp. Its life span is materially affected by ____.

A

number of times the lamp is switched on and switched off

327
Q

The original fluorescent lamp is the _____. The circuit used is a separate starter. When the lamp circuit is closed, the starter energizes the cathod. After 2 to 5 seconds delay, it initiates a high voltage arc across the lamp causing it to start.

A

Preheated design

328
Q

F20 T12 WW means

A

Fluorescent lamp 20 watts, Tubular shaped bulb 12/8 inches diamter, Warm white

329
Q

____ was introduced in 1952. It was typically the same in construction as the preheat lamp. The basic difference is the circuitry that eliminates the delay inherent in preheat circuit by constantly keeping the cathodes energized or preheated.

A

Rapid Start Lamp

330
Q

Rapid Start Lamp Type:

operates at 800amp

A

High Output

331
Q

Rapid Start Lamp Type:

operates at 1500milliamperes.

A

Very high output

332
Q

F48 T 12/CW/VHO means

A

Fluorescent 48 in long

Tubular 12/8 in diamter bulb

Cool White

Very High Output (1500mla)

333
Q

This type of fluorescent lamp was introduced in 1944. It was called the ___ considered the best among the varieties of instant start fluorescent lamps.

A

Slim Lamp

334
Q

____ is another type of lamp that offers a very long life service compared with the hot cathode lamp. The lamp is not affected by the number of starting or switching of the lamp. It has a lower overall efficacy compared to the hot cathode lamp and is generally used where a long continuous burning is required.

A

Cold Cathod Tube

335
Q

_____ is a combination of the arc discharge characteristics of a fluorecent lamp and the compact focusable shape of an incandescent lamp. The combination effect is responsible for its efficiency and long life in various uses.

A

Mercury lamp

336
Q

The lamp life of a mercury lamp is extremely long with an average of ____ based on 10 burning hours per start.

A

24,000 hours.

337
Q

Types of Ballast

is a low power factor and does not require voltage regulation. This is only used where line voltage fluctuation does not exceed plus or minus 5%

A

Reactor Ballast

338
Q

Types of Ballast

Is a reactor unit with transformer to match line voltage to lamp voltage. It has a low power factor and non regulating.

A

Auto Transformer Ballast

339
Q

Dimming of mercury lamp is possible by using a ____ and a ____ control available for 400-700 and 1000 watts.

A

dimming ballast,

solid state dimming control

340
Q

Types of Ballast

is the same as type 2 except the additional capacitor to improve the power factor.

A

High Power Factor Auto Transformer Ballast

341
Q

Types of Ballast

is also called lead circuit ballast. A regulating high power factor unit that maintains lamp voltage making wattage and lumen output constant. The lamp wattage varies from 5% with a 10% voltage change.

A

Constant Wattage Auto Transformer Ballast

342
Q

_____ is mercury lamp, improved by the addition of halides of metal such as Thallium, Indium, or Sodium to the arc tube.

A

Metal Halide Lamp

343
Q

_____ was first developed and introduced by General Electric Co (GE). THis is one of the latest developements in the high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. It is marked under the trade name Lucalux, Ceramalux, and Analox.

A

High Pressure Sodium Lamp

344
Q

___ are used in open bottom fixtures or where glare is a problem. Special ballast is required.

A

Lumalux Coated Lamps

345
Q

type of lamp also called SOX. It produces light of sodium characteristics monochromatic deep yellow color. Not applicable for general lighting because of its very high efficacy over 150 lumens per watt including ballast loss.

A

Low Pressure Sodium Lamp

346
Q

____ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.

A

Sodium

347
Q

The ____ lamp is popularly called Quartz Lamp. It is a special type of incandescent lamp. One advantage it has over the nomarl incandescent lamp is its ability to maintain a constatnt level of light output throughout its life.

A

Tungsten-halogen lamp

348
Q

____ are electrical devices designed to hold and connecet the lamps to power supply as well as control and distribute the light, and to position and protect the lamp.

A

Lighting Fixtures

eg: lamp holders, reflectros, or shields, diffusers

349
Q

___ is defined as the intensity of light per unit area.

A

Illumination

350
Q

____ is the production of light by means of electricity and its applications to provide efficient, comfort, and safe vision.

A

Electric illumination

351
Q

refers to the amount of illumination or luminous flux per unit area.

A

Quantity of Light

352
Q

___ refers to the distribution of brightness in the lighting installation.

A

Quality of Light

353
Q

Is the light that seems to radiate from an object being viewed. It is the luminous flux (light) emitted, transmitted or reflected from a surface.

A

Brightness

354
Q

____ is the difference in brightness or the brightness ratio between an object and its background. The recommended brightness ratio between an object being viewed and its background is nomally 3:1

A

Contrastt

355
Q

Is a strong, steady, dazzling light or reflection. The quality of the lighting system must also include the visual comfort of the lighting system must also include the visual comfort of the system, that is, the absence of glare.

A

Glare

356
Q

Types of Glare:

is an annoying brightness of light in persons normal field of vision

A

Direct Glare

357
Q

Types of Glare:

____ is much more serious anddifficult to control. Technically, reflected glare is a glossy object.

A

Indirect or Reflected Glare

358
Q

____ refers to the control of shadows cast by light. It is the degree to which light is shadowless, and is therefore a function of the number of directions to which light collides with a particular point and the comparative intensities.

A

Diffuseness

359
Q

____ is an equal intensity of light clashing from directions producing no shadows.

A

Perfect Diffusion

360
Q

A ____ provides a satisfactory diffused illumination and less shadows.

A

PErfect Diffusion

361
Q

is the quality attribute by which we reconize and describe colors as red, blue, yellow, green, violet and so on

A

Hue

362
Q

is the difference between the resultant colors of the same hue, such as: white is the most brilliant of the neutral colors while black is the least.

A

Brilliance

363
Q

___ is the difference from the purity of the colors. Colors of high saturation must be used in a well lit spaces.

A

Saturation or Chromate

364
Q

is the amount of light flux density. It is the unit of measure used when desccribing the amount of light in a room and is expressed in lumens per square foot.

A

Footcandle (fc)

365
Q

the luminance of a surface reflecting, transmitting or emitting one lumen (lm) of illumination per square foot of area in the direction being viewed or the conventional unit of brightness or luminance.

A

Footlambert (fl)

366
Q

the amount of light that falls on the areas we want to illuminate:

Lumens per square foot or square meter

presented by formula

Footcandle = lumens/area

A

Light Flux Density

367
Q

footcandle adequate for halls and corridors.

A

10fc

368
Q

1 lux to fc

A

o.09fc

369
Q

footcadle sufficient for areas between work stations such as in offices other than desk areas.

A

30fc

370
Q

footcandle satisfactory on spaces where office work is being done.

A

30fc

371
Q

Uniformity of Lighting

The purpose of lighting calculation, by hte footcandle or lux, is to determine the average illumination in a room to a working level condition. This working level condition refers to the height of about ____ above the floor being the approximate height of the table. The average illumination at the working level is directly related to the maximum spacing of the light to the mounting height ratio represented by the formula:

S/mh

where

S = Spacing of Light fixtures

mh = mounting height

A

75 cm

372
Q

Spacing and MOunting Height Ratio

Direct concentrating

A

.40

373
Q

Spacing and MOunting Height Ratio

Direct Spreading

A

1.20

374
Q

Spacing and MOunting Height Ratio

Direct Indirect Diffusing

A

1.30

375
Q

Semi - direct - indirect

A

1.50

376
Q

A warehouse will install pendant dome incandescent lamps at a mounting height ratio of 1.50 meters. The lamp will be mounted on a grid measuring 5 x 5m. What is the minimum mounting height of the lamps?

A

Mounting height is mh = spacing/ratio

mh=5/1.5 = 3.30m

377
Q

When the light on an illuminated area is focused downward coming directly from the lighting fixtures.

A

Direct Lighting

378
Q

When the predominant light on the illuminated area is fed directly from the lighting units wherein the greater amount of light is obtained from the ceiling through reflection.

A

Semi-DIrect Lighting

379
Q

A lighting arrangement wherein 5% to 25% of the light is directed downward with more than half of the light focused upward and rflected from the cceiling.

A

Semi-indirect-lighting

380
Q

when the light is diffused and reflected fro ma wide ceiling area. This kind of lighting produces a soft and subduedeffect due to low brightness and absence of sharp shadows.

A

indirect lighting

381
Q

are the means by which the switching and dimming functions operates. (eg. wall switches, time switches and dimmers)

A

Control Devices

382
Q

___ is the entire assembly of control and signal initiating equipment together with ther interconnections plus the microprocessors and programmable controllers.

A

Control System

383
Q

Control Functions:

___ is an ON and Off function.

A

Switch

384
Q

is defined as the whole of the equipment provided for lighting the roadway comprising the lamps luminaires, means of support and electrical installations including other auxilliaries.

A

Lighting Installations

385
Q

refers to an array of luminaires having a characteristic of light distribution.

A

Lighting System

386
Q

is a housing for one or more lamps comprsing a body and any refractor, diffuser or enclusre associated with the lamps.

A

Luminaire

387
Q

is the distance between the edges of the road curbs measured at right angles to the length of the roadway.

A

Road Width

388
Q

is the distancec measured horizontally between the outer of the column or wall face or lamp post and the center of the luminaires.

A

Outreach

389
Q

is the horizontal distance between the center of luminaires and the adjacent edge of the road.

A

Overhang

390
Q

refers to the vertical distance between the center of the luminaire and the surface of the roadway.

A

Mounting height

391
Q

is the distance between the sucecssive luminaires in an installation.

A

Spacing

392
Q

streets in residential or warehouse areas and on expree or elevated depressed roadways.

A

Light or nor pedestrian traffic

393
Q

A secondary business street and some industrial roads.

A

Medium pedestrian traffic

394
Q

business streets

A

Heavy Pedestrian Traffic

395
Q

Level of Illumination For Residential

A

150 lux

396
Q

Martial Law date

A

September 21, 1972

397
Q

PD 269

A

Creating the National Electrification Administration (NEA)

398
Q

Electric Distribution System Present Setup

A

The National Power Corporation

The Meralco

Electric Cooperative INc

399
Q

Ayos

A

Building Utilities (2 decks)

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