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Automotive (level 1) > Electrical Fundamentals > Flashcards

Electrical Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is Matter?

A

any gas, liquid or solid that has volume & mass that takes up space.

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2
Q

What is in the Nucleus of an Atom?

A

Protons & Neutrons.

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3
Q

What is Electricity?

A

The flow of Electrons from one Atom to another.

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4
Q

what is a Balanced Atom?

A

An Atom with the same amount of Protons and Electrons.

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5
Q

What is a Positive Charged Ion?

A

An Atom that loses an Electron.

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6
Q

What happens to an Atom that gains an Electron?

A

It becomes Negatively Charged.

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7
Q

How many Valance Electrons does a Conductor have?

A

It has 3 or less.

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8
Q

How many Valance Electrons does an Insulator have?

A

It has 5 to 8.

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9
Q

How many Valance Electrons does a Semi-Conductor have?

A

Exactly 4.

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10
Q

What are Conductors made up of?

A

Copper and gold.

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11
Q

What material are used to make Insulators?

A

Plastic or Rubber.

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12
Q

What are Semi-Conductors made up of?

A

Carbon and Silicon.

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13
Q

What is the Conventional Theory of Electricity?

A

Power flows from the Positive, and returns to the Negative.

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14
Q

What is the Electron Theory of Electricity?

A

Power flows from the Negative, and returns to Positive.

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15
Q

What is Voltage?

A

The electromagnetic force and pressure of Electricity.

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16
Q

What is Amperage?

A

The current and flow rate of Electrons.

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17
Q

What is Resistance?

A

The opposing force to Voltage.

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18
Q

What 2 things does current flow create?

A

Heat and Electromagnetism.

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19
Q

What is the normal amount of Battery draw?

A

50milliamps (mA)

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20
Q

What is Ohms Law?

A

It takes 1 volt to push 1 amp through 1 ohm.

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21
Q

What is Power rated in?

A

Watts.

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22
Q

Chemical symbol for Electrolyte?

A

H2SO4

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23
Q

Chemical symbol for Lead Peroxide?

A

PBO2

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24
Q

What type of battery produces low amps for a long period of time?

A

Deep-Cycle Battery.

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25
Q

What is Sulfation?

A

Occurs when a Battery discharges to the point a Sulfate Coating hardens on the Plates.

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26
Q

What is the Specific Gravity of Electrolyte?

A

1.265 (at 26C)

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27
Q

How many Volts does a fully charged Cell produce?

A

2.1 volts.

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28
Q

What is Electrolyte made up of?

A

64% water and 36% sulfuric acid.

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29
Q

What are 3 purposes of a Transistor?

A

To amplify a weak signal,varies current and act as a switch.

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30
Q

What side of a Transistor has low current?

A

Base.

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31
Q

What side of a Transistor has high current?

A

Emitter.

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32
Q

How do you check for Voltage in a Circuit?

A

hook up the multimeter in Parallel.

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33
Q

How do you check for Amperage in a Circuit?

A

hook up the Multimeter in Series.

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34
Q

How do you check for Resistance in a Circuit?

A

de-power the circuit and isolate the component.

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35
Q

How many Volts is considered for a Battery to be discharged?

A

11.9 volts or less.

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36
Q

How many Volts in a fully charged Battery?

A

12.6 volts.

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37
Q

What type of Battery has its cells compressed about 20%?

A

Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM)

38
Q

What does a Green or Red dot indicate on a built in battery hydrometer?

A

Fully Charged.

39
Q

What does a Black or ‘dark’ dot indicate on a built in battery hydrometer?

A

Discharged.

40
Q

What does a clear dot indicate on a built in battery hydrometer?

A

low on electrolytes.

41
Q

What is the amount of load on a Battery during load testing?

A

Half (50%) of the CCA rating.

42
Q

What is the safety rating level for a high voltage (1000v) Multimeter?

A

Cat III (3).

43
Q

What is a Diode?

A

A one way valve for Electricity.

44
Q

what is the purpose of a Clamping Diode?

A

Used to eliminate high voltage spikes.

45
Q

what voltage does a Light Emitting Diode (LED) have?

A

1.5-2.2 volts.

46
Q

what is the purpose of a Zener Diode?

A

Blocks current until certain voltage is reached.

47
Q

How is the Cold Cranking Amperes (CCA) determined?

A

Testing battery at -17C for 30 seconds, without dropping below 7.2 volts.

48
Q

How is the Cranking Amperes (CA) determined?

A

Testing battery at 0C for 30 seconds, without dropping below 7.2 volts.

49
Q

on ISO relays, which pins are the low current (control) sides?

A

85 and 86.

50
Q

on ISO relays, which pins are the high current (load) sides?

A

30 and 87 (87a).

51
Q

what size fuse should be in a circuit?

A

20% higher then the circuit amperage.

52
Q

What are the 3 types of Circuit breakers?

A

Manual, Mechanical and Automatic (Cycling & PTC)

53
Q

how does a Cycling Circuit breaker work?

A

A bimetal strip that changes form when certain temperature is reached.

54
Q

how does a PTC circuit breaker (Thermistor) work?

A

As it gets hotter, it increases resistance.

55
Q

What charge does a Neutron have?

A

No charge.

56
Q

What is a balanced Atom?

A

An atom with equal amount of Protons and Electrons.

57
Q

The bigger the gauge of wire, the ________.

A

more conductive, and less resistance.

58
Q

What are 2 effects of current flow?

A

Heat & Electromagnitism.

59
Q

What does a variable resistor (Rheostat) do?

A

It modifies current.

60
Q

What does a Potentiometer do?

A

It varies voltage.

61
Q

What does a capacitor do?

A

Holds/stores voltage until needed.

62
Q

What is a P-type Material?

A

A semi-conductive material that is positively charged.

63
Q

What is a N-type Material?

A

A semi-conductive material that is negatively charged.

64
Q

How many volts is used to operate a Diode?

A

0.5 to 0.7 volts.

65
Q

What type of Solder is used in Automotive?

A

Rosin based.

66
Q

How does a Battery work?

A

2 dissimilar metal plates are immersed in electrolyte to create voltage.

67
Q

What type of battery is able to be discharged over and over again?

A

Deep-cycle battery.

68
Q

What gas does a charging battery give off?

A

Hydrogen.

69
Q

What are 3 things that can cause Sulfation on a car battery?

A

Alternator not charging, short trips and long sitting battery.

70
Q

What does a low maintenance battery use?

A

Calcuim.

71
Q

When testing with a hydrometer, what is the maximum allowed difference in specific gravity?

A

50 points (0.050)

72
Q

What is the voltage of a 75% charged battery?

A

12.4 volts.

73
Q

When current passes through a load (resistance), what is dropped?

A

Voltage.

74
Q

What would be the result of an open circuit?

A

High resistance.

75
Q

What would be the result of a short to ground?

A

High current.

76
Q

What indicates a bad connection in a circuit?

A

High Voltage drops.

77
Q

What is the procedure when Carbon pile testing (under load)?

A

Test it at half the CCA for 15 seconds while not going below 9.6 volts.

78
Q

When calculating the specific gravity of a substance, what is its relative density compared to?

A

Water.

79
Q

Most common wire used in automotive?

A

Multi-strand copper core.

80
Q

What does ‘NC’ indicate on a switch?

A

Normally Closed.

81
Q

What type of resistor is a Rheostat?

A

Variable Resistor.

82
Q

How many Volts are used in each load of a Parallel circuits?

A

All volts are used.

83
Q

What happens to current flow in a parallel circuit?

A

It splits at each branch.

84
Q

What is a SPDT switch?

A

Single Pole Double Throw switch?

85
Q

What charge does a PNP Transistor need to “turn on”?

A

Negative.

86
Q

Where does the current flow on a NPN Transistor?

A

Base to Emitter.

87
Q

Where does the current flow on a PNP Transistor?

A

Emitter to Base.

88
Q

What charge does a NPN Transistor need to “turn on”?

A

Positive.

89
Q

0 rating on an ohm meter indicates ____________?

A

Perfect continuity (no resistance).

90
Q

What is the formula to Watts Law?

A

Watts / Voltage x Amperage

91
Q

What is the formula to Ohms Law?

A

Voltage / Amperage x Resistance

92
Q

what does AGM mean?

A

Absorbed Glass Matt.

Automotive (level 1) (9 decks)

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