Electrical Current Flashcards
It is used to alleviate pain in 46 CE.
Torpedo Fish
He postulated using electrical current to produce muscle contraction and used it in animals.
Galvani on 1791
It uses a battery to produce galvani current.
Voltas Device
Pain Gate Theory was theorized by ______ and ______ on ________.
Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack on 1960.
This is where the pain sensation is blocked by electrical stimulation or the sensory fibers due to the closing of the gate of the dorsal horn of the gray matter in substantia gelatinosa.
Pain Gate Theory
Large-diameter fibers have a quick transmission of impulses, due to their myelination these types of fibers are activated by non-noxious stimuli, such as light touch, pressure, and hair movement.
A beta fibers
A smaller diameter fiber—they are thinly myelinated and are stimulated by noxious stimuli, such as pain and temperature, precisely sharp, intense, tingling sensations.
A delta fibers
They have the slowest transmission of impulses since they are not myelinated—- these types of fibers are activated by pain and temperature, namely prolonged burning sensations.
C fibers
He used the electrical current on the muscle belly of human patient.
Duchenne
What part of the body produced the most greatest muscular contraction?
Muscle Belly or Motor points
1, He used a moving magnet and this magnet induced bio diversional electrical currents.
2. What does the current call?
- Faraday
- Faradic Current
They stated that electrical currents should be called “Therapeutic Electrical Currents on _____ and was published in the ____ edition of their guidelines in the year _______.
APTA on 1986; 2nd edition; 2000
Transfer of Electrons
Charge
This refers to the count of the number of electrons flowing through a circuit.
Current
The current is equivalent to ___ and is measured in ____.
The current is equivalent to I and is measured in A (amperes).
True or False:
One ampere is the current by force of one voltage acting through the resistance of OHM’s.
True
Subatomic particles which carries a negative charge.
Electrons
Subatomic particles which carries a positive charge.
Protons
If a particle gains more electrons and it becomes negatively charged, it is called _____.
Anion
If a particle loses more electrons and it becomes positively charged, it is called _______.
Cation
Unit of Charge
Coulombs (C)
Net charge of the object
Polarity
This refers to whether the circuit component is symmetric or not.
Polarity
True or False:
Diodes or an electric current flows in multiple directions and they should always be polarized.
False: One direction
Positive Pole
Anode
Negative Pole
Cathode
This is a force created or separation of charges where two charges repel each other.
Electrical Field
This refers to a force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor.
Voltage or Potential Difference
The opposite direction of the of charge particles is called ____ and is used in direct current .
Resistance
The opposite direction of the flow of charged and is used in direct current.
Resistance
It has the same role as resistance but is used in alternating current circuits.
Impedance (Z)
This allows free movement.
Conductors
It does not allow movement.
Insulators
OHM’s Law
VIR
The amount of current that is proportional to the voltage applied to a circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.
OHM’s Law
It is an electrical charge that only flows in one direction.
Direct Current
Direct currents is good for?
Denervated Muscles and wound healing.
A current that changes it current periodically, it passes through one pole then passes through another pole.
Alternating Current
Alternating current is suitable for?
Muscle contraction and Equal Ionic Flow
The degree to which charge is stored.
Capacitance
A form of resistance, but its frequency is dependent.
Impedence
The distance between similar points on back-to-back waves.
Wavelength
Number of cycles per second
Frequency
It refers to the currents that is delivered discontinuously in a series of pulses with a period of no current flow and with current flow.
Pulsed Current
This passes through one pole only.
Monophasic/Uniphasic
Passes through two poles (positive and negative).
Biphasic /Bidirectional
Balanced both poles
Symmetrical
Unbalanced or balanced charge in each pulses
Asymmertrical
This current is used in a therapeutic setting and is a medium-frequency current.
Interferential Current
Interferential Current produces a frequency of _______, which addresses pain.
less than 250Hz
Also called medium frequency
Carrier Frequency
Carrier Frequency carries a values of _________ Hz to _________ Hz.
1,000 to 10,000 Hz.
Net effect when two carrier frequencies meet
Beat frequency
Allows gradual changing of the frequency since the structure in our body would have an effect of a sudden change of frequency.
Sweep-frequency modulation
Modulate the intensity being emitted by the interferential current.
Scan-current amplitude modulation.
Used two circuits which means there are 4 electrode pads, and used in smaller areas.
Premodulated current
It has a 2,500 Hz carrier frequency and uses medium frequency current, which produces 50 bursts per second.
Russian Protocol
- This is a uni-directional PC current with a pause.
- What is its function?
- Monophasic Pulsed Current
- This promotes tissue healing and acute edema management.
- This is a bidirectional PC current with an off-time.
- What is its function?
- Biphasic Pulsed Current
- This controls pain and produces contraction.
This is a twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current waveform with peak voltage typically 150-500 v. This is used for pain modulation and wound tissue healing. Also, it has a longer off-time.
High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC)
Produces therapeutic effects to the body, pain modulation and muscle contraction.
Beats
Cloverleaf pattern
Quadripolar
State the time-dependent parameters of Electrical Current
- Frequency
- Pulse Duration
- Interpulse Interval
- Interphase Interval
- Rise time and decay time
State the treatment parameters
- On and Off Ratio
- Duty Cycle
- Ramp Cycle
- Amplitude
- Modulation
- Burst-mode
Refers to the pulse width and period when a single electrical pulse current flows actively.
Pulse Duration
Gap or period wherein there is a gap in between each pulse.
Interpulse Duration
In between pulse duration/phase duration.
Interphase Interval
It is used for the gradual emission of electrical current to the body.
Rise time and Decay Time
The time it takes to reach the peak current from 0 to the highest amplitude set.
Rise Time
Time it takes to decrease from peak back to zero.
Decay Time
For consideration of the conditions. 1:3 or 1:5 or 1:1
On and Off Ratio
Refers to the on-time to the total cycle of off time.
Duty Cycle
Refers to the on and off-time ratio.
Total Cycle
The time it takes for the current to increase to its maximum intensity.
Ramp Up
The amount of time it takes for the current to decrease its intensity.
Ramp Down
Thr magnitude of the current or voltage.
Amplitude
The pattern of variations wherein you could control, and purpose is to limit neutral adaptation to electrical stimulation.
Modulation
Common in Russian currents, this refers to the series of pulses delivered in a single pulse.
Burst Mode
The time of the start and end of the burst.
Burst Duration
Effects of the Electrical Currents
- Nerve Depolarization
- Strength Duration Curve
- Muscle Depolarization
- Ionic Effects of Electrical Currents
Drug for anti-inflammation
Dexamethasone
Drugs for muscle relaxation
Magnesium Sulfate
Drugs for edema
Hyalunoridase
Clinical Application for Electrical Currents
- Muscle Contraction
- Pain Modulation
- Tissue Healing
- Transdermal Drug Delivery
Electrotherapy Modalities
- TENS
- NMES
- FES
- IFC
- Pre-Mod
- High Voltage Pulsed Current
- Iontophoresis
