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Physical Agents & Electrotherapy for Comprehensive Exam > Electrical Current > Flashcards

Electrical Current Flashcards

1
Q

It is used to alleviate pain in 46 CE.

A

Torpedo Fish

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2
Q

He postulated using electrical current to produce muscle contraction and used it in animals.

A

Galvani on 1791

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3
Q

It uses a battery to produce galvani current.

A

Voltas Device

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4
Q

Pain Gate Theory was theorized by ______ and ______ on ________.

A

Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack on 1960.

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5
Q

This is where the pain sensation is blocked by electrical stimulation or the sensory fibers due to the closing of the gate of the dorsal horn of the gray matter in substantia gelatinosa.

A

Pain Gate Theory

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5
Q

Large-diameter fibers have a quick transmission of impulses, due to their myelination these types of fibers are activated by non-noxious stimuli, such as light touch, pressure, and hair movement.

A

A beta fibers

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6
Q

A smaller diameter fiber—they are thinly myelinated and are stimulated by noxious stimuli, such as pain and temperature, precisely sharp, intense, tingling sensations.

A

A delta fibers

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7
Q

They have the slowest transmission of impulses since they are not myelinated—- these types of fibers are activated by pain and temperature, namely prolonged burning sensations.

A

C fibers

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8
Q

He used the electrical current on the muscle belly of human patient.

A

Duchenne

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9
Q

What part of the body produced the most greatest muscular contraction?

A

Muscle Belly or Motor points

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10
Q

1, He used a moving magnet and this magnet induced bio diversional electrical currents.
2. What does the current call?

A
  1. Faraday
  2. Faradic Current
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10
Q

They stated that electrical currents should be called “Therapeutic Electrical Currents on _____ and was published in the ____ edition of their guidelines in the year _______.

A

APTA on 1986; 2nd edition; 2000

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11
Q

Transfer of Electrons

A

Charge

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12
Q

This refers to the count of the number of electrons flowing through a circuit.

A

Current

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13
Q

The current is equivalent to ___ and is measured in ____.

A

The current is equivalent to I and is measured in A (amperes).

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14
Q

True or False:
One ampere is the current by force of one voltage acting through the resistance of OHM’s.

A

True

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15
Q

Subatomic particles which carries a negative charge.

A

Electrons

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16
Q

Subatomic particles which carries a positive charge.

A

Protons

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17
Q

If a particle gains more electrons and it becomes negatively charged, it is called _____.

A

Anion

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18
Q

If a particle loses more electrons and it becomes positively charged, it is called _______.

A

Cation

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19
Q

Unit of Charge

A

Coulombs (C)

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20
Q

Net charge of the object

A

Polarity

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21
Q

This refers to whether the circuit component is symmetric or not.

A

Polarity

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22
Q

True or False:
Diodes or an electric current flows in multiple directions and they should always be polarized.

A

False: One direction

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23
Q

Positive Pole

A

Anode

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24
Q

Negative Pole

A

Cathode

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25
Q

This is a force created or separation of charges where two charges repel each other.

A

Electrical Field

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26
Q

This refers to a force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor.

A

Voltage or Potential Difference

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27
Q

The opposite direction of the of charge particles is called ____ and is used in direct current .

A

Resistance

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28
Q

The opposite direction of the flow of charged and is used in direct current.

A

Resistance

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29
Q

It has the same role as resistance but is used in alternating current circuits.

A

Impedance (Z)

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30
Q

This allows free movement.

A

Conductors

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31
Q

It does not allow movement.

A

Insulators

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32
Q

OHM’s Law

A

VIR

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33
Q

The amount of current that is proportional to the voltage applied to a circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

A

OHM’s Law

34
Q

It is an electrical charge that only flows in one direction.

A

Direct Current

35
Q

Direct currents is good for?

A

Denervated Muscles and wound healing.

36
Q

A current that changes it current periodically, it passes through one pole then passes through another pole.

A

Alternating Current

37
Q

Alternating current is suitable for?

A

Muscle contraction and Equal Ionic Flow

38
Q

The degree to which charge is stored.

A

Capacitance

39
Q

A form of resistance, but its frequency is dependent.

A

Impedence

40
Q

The distance between similar points on back-to-back waves.

A

Wavelength

41
Q

Number of cycles per second

A

Frequency

42
Q

It refers to the currents that is delivered discontinuously in a series of pulses with a period of no current flow and with current flow.

A

Pulsed Current

43
Q

This passes through one pole only.

A

Monophasic/Uniphasic

44
Q

Passes through two poles (positive and negative).

A

Biphasic /Bidirectional

45
Q

Balanced both poles

A

Symmetrical

46
Q

Unbalanced or balanced charge in each pulses

A

Asymmertrical

47
Q

This current is used in a therapeutic setting and is a medium-frequency current.

A

Interferential Current

48
Q

Interferential Current produces a frequency of _______, which addresses pain.

A

less than 250Hz

49
Q

Also called medium frequency

A

Carrier Frequency

50
Q

Carrier Frequency carries a values of _________ Hz to _________ Hz.

A

1,000 to 10,000 Hz.

51
Q

Net effect when two carrier frequencies meet

A

Beat frequency

52
Q

Allows gradual changing of the frequency since the structure in our body would have an effect of a sudden change of frequency.

A

Sweep-frequency modulation

53
Q

Modulate the intensity being emitted by the interferential current.

A

Scan-current amplitude modulation.

54
Q

Used two circuits which means there are 4 electrode pads, and used in smaller areas.

A

Premodulated current

55
Q

It has a 2,500 Hz carrier frequency and uses medium frequency current, which produces 50 bursts per second.

A

Russian Protocol

56
Q
  1. This is a uni-directional PC current with a pause.
  2. What is its function?
A
  1. Monophasic Pulsed Current
  2. This promotes tissue healing and acute edema management.
57
Q
  1. This is a bidirectional PC current with an off-time.
  2. What is its function?
A
  1. Biphasic Pulsed Current
  2. This controls pain and produces contraction.
58
Q

This is a twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current waveform with peak voltage typically 150-500 v. This is used for pain modulation and wound tissue healing. Also, it has a longer off-time.

A

High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC)

59
Q

Produces therapeutic effects to the body, pain modulation and muscle contraction.

A

Beats

60
Q

Cloverleaf pattern

A

Quadripolar

61
Q

State the time-dependent parameters of Electrical Current

A
  1. Frequency
  2. Pulse Duration
  3. Interpulse Interval
  4. Interphase Interval
  5. Rise time and decay time
62
Q

State the treatment parameters

A
  1. On and Off Ratio
  2. Duty Cycle
  3. Ramp Cycle
  4. Amplitude
  5. Modulation
  6. Burst-mode
63
Q

Refers to the pulse width and period when a single electrical pulse current flows actively.

A

Pulse Duration

64
Q

Gap or period wherein there is a gap in between each pulse.

A

Interpulse Duration

65
Q

In between pulse duration/phase duration.

A

Interphase Interval

66
Q

It is used for the gradual emission of electrical current to the body.

A

Rise time and Decay Time

67
Q

The time it takes to reach the peak current from 0 to the highest amplitude set.

A

Rise Time

68
Q

Time it takes to decrease from peak back to zero.

A

Decay Time

69
Q

For consideration of the conditions. 1:3 or 1:5 or 1:1

A

On and Off Ratio

70
Q

Refers to the on-time to the total cycle of off time.

A

Duty Cycle

71
Q

Refers to the on and off-time ratio.

A

Total Cycle

72
Q

The time it takes for the current to increase to its maximum intensity.

A

Ramp Up

73
Q

The amount of time it takes for the current to decrease its intensity.

A

Ramp Down

74
Q

Thr magnitude of the current or voltage.

A

Amplitude

75
Q

The pattern of variations wherein you could control, and purpose is to limit neutral adaptation to electrical stimulation.

A

Modulation

76
Q

Common in Russian currents, this refers to the series of pulses delivered in a single pulse.

A

Burst Mode

77
Q

The time of the start and end of the burst.

A

Burst Duration

78
Q

Effects of the Electrical Currents

A
  1. Nerve Depolarization
  2. Strength Duration Curve
  3. Muscle Depolarization
  4. Ionic Effects of Electrical Currents
79
Q

Drug for anti-inflammation

A

Dexamethasone

80
Q

Drugs for muscle relaxation

A

Magnesium Sulfate

81
Q

Drugs for edema

A

Hyalunoridase

82
Q

Clinical Application for Electrical Currents

A
  1. Muscle Contraction
  2. Pain Modulation
  3. Tissue Healing
  4. Transdermal Drug Delivery
83
Q

Electrotherapy Modalities

A
  1. TENS
  2. NMES
  3. FES
  4. IFC
  5. Pre-Mod
  6. High Voltage Pulsed Current
  7. Iontophoresis

Physical Agents & Electrotherapy for Comprehensive Exam (1 decks)

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