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Principles 1, 690.01 > Electrical and Environmental Safety > Flashcards

Electrical and Environmental Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Current=

A

flow of electrical charges or electrons - similar to blood

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2
Q

Circuit=

A

the path that current flows through - similar to artery or vein

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3
Q

Conductor

A

current moves easily (copper, bronze)

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4
Q

Insulator

A

current moves through poorly (glass, air)

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5
Q

Amps=

A

amount of current flow per second - similar to cardiac output

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6
Q

Voltage

A

pressure pushing through electrons - similar to contractility

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7
Q

Ohms

A

measure of resistance (skin- poor conductor, very resistant) - similar to SVR

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8
Q

Hertz

A

number of cycles per second (HR)

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9
Q

current density

A

amount of current and area it flows over

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10
Q

How electricity works

A

A specific amount of alternating current (AC) (amp) is pushed through a circuit by voltage (120v) at a specified frequency (60 Hz

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11
Q

3 wires of the circuit are

A

-hot- Current
-neutral= return current
-ground= catch leaky/stray current (safety)

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12
Q

Current can only flow through an ____ _____circuit not through an ___ circuit.

A

-unbroken closed
-open

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13
Q

Ground provides a ____ ____ path for leakage current to flow _____ from electrical equipment

A
  • low resistance
    -away
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14
Q

what interrupts the circuit when current flow is high?

A

circuit breakers

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15
Q

electricity is

A

energy

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16
Q

current will travel the path of ____ _____

A

least resistance

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17
Q

frequency is measured in

A

hertz, 1 HZ = 1 cycle per second
-higher the frequency= the safer

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18
Q

frequencies between 0 HZ and 1 kHZ interferes with:

A

depolarization and repolarization in myocardium which could cause arrhythmias

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19
Q

minimum current in which fibrillation is induced:

A

50-60 HZ

20
Q

Can impedance of current flow happen?

A

yes

21
Q

long power cords cause

A

higher resistance

22
Q

Human Effects of 60 Hz Currents

A

1 mA Threshold of perception
5 mA Maximum harmless current intensity
10-20mA “Let go” prevent release of object
50-100 mA Pain, mechanical injury, heart and
resp. function continue.
100-2500 mA Vent. Fib. resp. center intact
>6000 mA Sustained myocardial contraction
resp. paralysis, burns if current
density is high

23
Q

Macroshock

A

-current applied directly to body surface
-effects determined by surface area, amt of current flow in amps, duration of exposure, frequency of current, and path
-requires large amt of skin to overcome skins resistance

24
Q

Macroshock can cause

A

muscle contraction, pain, burns, open wounds, pacer disruption, arrhythmias

25
Q

Microshock

A

Current applied directly to heart
Small amounts of voltage or current applied directly to the myocardium bypassing the skin via a IV catheters, pacer wires, etc

26
Q

Current as little as ____ microamps can cause fatal arrhythmias

A

-100
1000 microamps (µA) = 1 milliamp (mA)
1000 milliamp (mA) = 1 Amp

27
Q

Leakage current is current that escapes the circuit due to stray ____ and poor insulators.

A

capacitance

28
Q

capacitance

A

too much charge built up and current jumps out

29
Q

What does Line Isolation monitor do

A

Designed to make it impossible for the patient, and OR staff to become a path for current to go to ground

30
Q

Line isolation monitors (LIM) measures

A

how much leakage current would flow to ground if a grounding system were present
-If the electrical equipment being used in the OR allows a large amount of leakage current to escape through its circuitry the LIM will detect it and alarm.

31
Q

LIM alarm indicates

A

that current is no longer isolated, an unsafe amount of leakage current may be present
-An LIM alarm usually indicates that the last piece equipment plugged in may have a fault or that too much equipment is being used simultaneously which results in too much leakage current

32
Q

Electrosurgical Units (ESU) known as ___ and used to:

A

bovie
-used to cauterize vessels and cut tissue

33
Q

Bovie uses high frequency of

A

300kHZ-2MHZ

34
Q

Unipolar

A

current applied using a single electrode that returns to the ESU by way of the dispersal pad

35
Q

bipolar

A

two pronged cutting electrode instrument. Current travels only between the two prongs

36
Q

when is it unsafe to use the unipolar

A
  • brain due to nervous system tissue, ovarian, or fallopian tube surgery
37
Q

Disperal pad (Bovie pad, grounding pad)

A

applied as close as possible to surgical site, large surface area to minimize current density. Not required for bipolar

38
Q

Pacemakers and Defibrilators

A

ESU current traveling through pacer can alter functioning

39
Q

Precautions for pacemaker use

A

No unipolar current path through heart.
Dispersal pad close to surgical site as possible
Reducing cautery current or use low current
Use bipolar cautery
Have magnet if pacer requires reprogramming.
Magnet placed on pacer  asynchronous mode

40
Q

Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrilators (AICD): actions before surgery?

A

ESU current will trigger AICD to fire.
Have device turned off prior to surgery

41
Q

Disinfectants=

A

antibacterial agent applied to non-living objects. Ex. Santi wipes

42
Q

Antiseptics

A

antibacterial agent applied to living tissue. Ex. Chloraprep, betadine

43
Q

Chemicals in OR and effects on body: Ammonia

A

disinfectant liquid cleaning agent. Vapors irritate eyes and respiratory tract.

44
Q

Chlorine Bleach

A

disinfectant liquid cleaning agents. Vapors irritate respiratory tract.
-never mix ammonia and chloride- lethal

45
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

antiseptic used to clean skin. Splashed in eye can cause keratitis or loss of vision

46
Q

Iodine

A

antiseptic used on skin. Splashed in eyes can cause irritation

47
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

antiseptic used to clean skin. Splashed in eyes can cause corneal ulceration

Principles 1, 690.01 (2 decks)

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