electrical and chemical signalling Flashcards
what is the function of acetylcholine?
enables muscle action, learning and memory
what does a malfunction of acetylcholine cause?
Alzheimer’s disease
what is the function of dopamine?
influences movement, learning, attention and emotion
what does a malfunction of dopamine cause?
excess dopamine –> schizophrenia
lack of dopamine –> tremors and lack of mobility of Parkinson’s
what is the function of serotonin?
affects mood, hunger and sleep
what does a malfunction of serotonin cause?
lack of serotonin –> depression
what is GABA
a main inhibitory neurotransmitter
what does a malfunction of GABA cause?
seizures, tremors and insomnia
what is glutamate?
excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS
what can malfunctions of glutamate cause?
oversupply can overstimulate the brain and cause migraines or seizures
where are small neurotransmitters made?
in the synapse where they’re packaged into vesicles
where are large protein neurotransmitters made?
in the cell body and then transported in vesicles down the axons to the synpase
what is the role of calcium?
stimulates movement of free vesicles in the presynaptic knob to the pre- membrane for exocytosis
triggers fusion of docked vesicles with the membrane
what do SNARE proteins do?
anchor synaptic vesicles to presynaptic membrane
what are the three mechanisms of NTS recycling?
ultrafast endocytosis
kiss and run
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
