Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields And Electromagnetism Flashcards

1
Q

State Coulomb’s Law

A

The force between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of their separation.

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2
Q

How is an electric field created?

A

Electric fields are created around any object that has charge. Other charges in this field experience an electrostatic force.

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3
Q

State features of field lines and what they show

A

Direction of arrow - shows the direction a positive charge would move in the field.
Density of field lines - indicates field strength.

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4
Q

Define electric field strength

A

Electrostatic force per unit positive charge.

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5
Q

What is the direction of electric field strength the same as?

A

The direction of force on a positive charge in the field.
(-) attraction
(+) repulsion

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6
Q

What are features of a uniform field?

A

Constant field strength and constant direction at all points.

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7
Q

How is a uniform electric field produced?

A

A uniform electric field is produced between two oppositely charged, parallel plates.

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8
Q

What is a useful equation for a charge from when it starts at rest?

A

QV = 1/2 mv^2

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9
Q

Define electric potential

A

The work done in bringing a unit charge from infinity to a point. Potential is zero to infinity.

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10
Q

How can a magnetic field be created?

A

By a permanent magnet - made from iron, steel, cobalt, nickel or neodymium.
By moving charges - electric currents in wires produce a magnetic field.

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11
Q

Define a solenoid

A

A coil of wire with a length much greater than the diameter of the coils.

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12
Q

Define a flat coil/Helmholtz coil

A

A coil of wire that has length much less than the diameter of the coil.

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13
Q

What is the field pattern for a solenoid?

A

Like a bar magnet but inside the solenoid it is very strong and uniform. (Lots of straight parallel lines close together)

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14
Q

What is the field pattern of a flat coil?

A

Strong and uniform through the centre.

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15
Q

Define magnetic flux density

A

The force exerted per unit current per unit length where current is at 90° to the field.

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16
Q

What are the units of magnetic flux density?

17
Q

Define a Tesla

A

A flux density of one tesla produces a force of 1 Newton on a wire of length 1 metre carrying a current of 1 Ampere at 90° to the field.

18
Q

What is a useful equation for an object experiencing circular motion due to a magnetic field?

A

BQv = mv^2 / r

19
Q

What is the direction of current for Flemming’s left hand rule the same as?

A

Conventional current, which is the direction a positive charge moves. For a negative charge, current flows in the oppose direction.

20
Q

What is an equation for when electric and magnetic forces due to fields are equal?

A

BQv = EQ
v=E/B

21
Q

Define electromagnetism

A

The production of an EMF due to relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor, in the form of a wire or a coil.
If the conductor circuit is complete a current is also produced.

22
Q

What is the word equation for an induced EMF?

A

Induced emf = - rage of change of magnetic flux linkage
(-) due to Lenz’s Law

23
Q

What is the equation for magnetic flux?

A

Magnetic flux (Φ) = magnetic flux density B x Area A

24
Q

When is Φ=BA ?

A

When the field is at 90° to the area.

25
Q

What are the units for magnetic flux?

A

Weber (Wb)

26
Q

Define magnetic flux

A

The product of the magnetic flux density and the cross-sectional area when the magnetic field is at 90° to the area.

27
Q

Φ = BAcosθ for different values of θ

A

θ=0°, B is perpendicular to area, Φ=BA
θ=90°, B is parallel to area, Φ=0

28
Q

What is the equation for magnetic flux linkage?

A

Magnetic flux linkage NΦ = number of turns N x magnetic flux Φ

29
Q

What are the units for magnetic flux linkage?

A

Weber or Weber turns (Wb)

30
Q

Define magnetic flux linkage

A

The product of the magnetic flux and the number of turns of the coil.

31
Q

Define Lenz’s Law

A

When an electric current is induced it will always flow in a direction to oppose the charge producing it.

32
Q

Explain how Lenz’s Law is seen in Farady’s experiments

A

When a force opposes motion so work must be done to produce electrical energy.

33
Q

How is magnetic flux density shown?

A

By how dense the field lines are.

34
Q

When is a transformer a step-up transformer?

A

Ns > Np
Number of turns on the secondary coil > number of turns on the primary coil

35
Q

When is a transformer a step-down transformer?

A

Ns < Np

Number of turns on the secondary coil < number of turns on the primary coil

36
Q

What is the equation for a 100% efficient transformer?

A

Power in = power out
Vp x Ip = Vs x Is

37
Q

State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction

A

Induced emf = - rate of change of flux linkage