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Electrical Conduction/dysrhythmias > Electric Conduction > Flashcards

Electric Conduction Flashcards

1
Q

Electric pathways Conduction

A 
SA
AV
BUNDLE OF HIS
BUNDLE BRANCHES
PURKINJE FIBERS
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2
Q

SA node

A

Initiates the heart beat

Located in the right atrium, called the pacemaker. Electrical impulses of 60-100bpm

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3
Q

Delays the electrical Conduction through the heart
Atria contract/ ventricles fill with blood
Electrical impulses decreases 40-60bpm

A

AV node

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4
Q

Bundle of his

A

Connects av node to bundle branches
Travel rapidly 0.03-0.05 sec.
Conducts electrical impulses from atria to ventricles

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5
Q

Bundle branch

A

Conducts impulses down both sides of the interventricular septum

Branches off the bundle of his conduct impulses to left and right ventricle

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6
Q

Distribute the electrical impulses through the right and left ventricular.
Travel 0.01 sec

A

PURKINJE fibers

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7
Q

Polarization

A

Heart at rest, no stimulation

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8
Q

Electrophysiology

A

Electrical impulses of the heart that are responsible for contraction and relaxation of myocardial cells.
Positively charged ions(na+ and k)

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9
Q

An electrical current that initiates the contraction of a heart

A

Depolarization

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10
Q

Repolarization

A

Heart muscle cells return to their resting electrical state and the heart muscle relaxes

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11
Q

Upright small curve, atrial contraction.

With out it, heart no longer has a synose rhythm

A

P wave

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12
Q

QRS COMPLEX

A 
Ventricular depolarization (ventricular contraction) larger then a p wave
0.06-0.10 anything greater is a block
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13
Q

T wave

A

Small upward sloping curve

Ventricular repolarization

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14
Q

U wave

A

Small upward curve
Repolarization of bundle of his and PURKINJE fibers
Not always seen
In instance of electrolyte imbalances

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15
Q

0.12-0.20 normal limit
P wave before QRS
Beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization

A

PR interval

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16
Q

Automaticity

A

Ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by another source

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17
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability of heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse

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18
Q

Contractility

A

Ability of heart muscles cells to shorten in response to an electrical stimulus

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19
Q

Excitability

A

Ability of heart muscle cells to respond to an impulse or stimulus
Also called irritability

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20
Q

Sympathetic

A

Increase in heart rate

Happens when under stress or frightened

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21
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Helps slow the heart rate

Acts like a break to the heart, bring abnormal rhythms back to normal

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22
Q

Artery that transports blood to the entire body

A

Aorta

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23
Q

Valve located in the aorta and pulmonary artery

A

Semilunar valve

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24
Q

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle

A

Mitral(bicuspid) valve

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25
Q

Heart chamber that pumps blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

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26
Q

Heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs

A

Left atrium

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27
Q

Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body

A

Right atrium

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28
Q

Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

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29
Q

Blood vessel that transport blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

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30
Q

Valve located between right atrium and left ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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31
Q

Blood vessel that provides a pathway for deoxygenated blood to return to the lungs

A

Pulmonary trunk

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32
Q

PR interval normal time

A

0.12-0.20

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33
Q

Part of the ecg that represent repolarization in the purkinje fibers

A

U wave

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34
Q

ECG tracing that represent the time from the start of the atrial activity to the start of ventricular activity

A

PR interval

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35
Q

ECG tracing that is measured from the end of the S wave to the beginning of the t wave

A

ST segment

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36
Q

ECG tracing not always seen but when do indicates electrolyte imbalance

A

U wave

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37
Q

When stimulated. The sympathetic system causes the heart to

A

Increase

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38
Q

Vessel contains highest concentration of oxygen

A

Aorta

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39
Q

Heart contained in a sac called

A

Pericardial sac

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40
Q

What can decrease the heart rate

A

Increased blood pressure

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41
Q

Electrodes

A

Small sensors placed on skin to detect electrical activity of the heart

42
Q

Covered wires that conduct the electrical impulse to the ecg machine

A

Leads

43
Q

Einthoven triangle

A

Triangle formed by three of the limb electrodes

Left arm, right arm, left leg

44
Q

Measures the flow of electrical current in both directions. Both positive and negative electrodes placed on pt body

A

Bipolar leads

45
Q

aVR, aVL, aVF

A

Augmented(unipolar) leads

46
Q

V1-V6 leads are called

A

Precordial leads, placed on the chest in front of heart

47
Q

Records three leads or more at a time

A

Multichannel recorder

48
Q

Input

A

Data entered into ecg machine usually through electrodes on the skin

49
Q

Amplifies the electrical impulse and converts it to a mechanical action that appears as a waveform on the output display

A

Signal processing

50
Q

Displays the tracing for electrical activity of the heart

A

Output display

51
Q

Speed control

A

Control on the ekg machine that regulates how fast or slow the paper runs during tracing

52
Q

A control that Increases or decreases the size on the ekg machine

A

Gain

53
Q

Measurement to indicate voltage on ecg tracing

A

Millivolt (mv)

54
Q

Artifacts

A

Unwanted marks caused by other activity then the heart

55
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate less than 60bpm

56
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate usually more than 100bpm

57
Q

Limb leads

A

I, II, III

58
Q

EKG machine have 3 basic functions

A

Input, signaling ,and output display

59
Q

The best source to obtain specific information about the ecg machine is

A

Manufactures directions

60
Q

Most commonly used electrodes are ____ and they are used ___

A

Disposable, once

61
Q

Purpose of the LCD display

A

Allow entry and display of pt information

62
Q

Standard paper speed for ecg

A

25mm/sec

63
Q

Computerized interpretations always have to be

A

Validated by physician

64
Q

Horizontal reading on the ecg machine paper represents

A

Time

65
Q

Vertical readings on ecg represent

A

Voltage

66
Q

Five heavy lines or boxes

A

1 sec

67
Q

One vertical heavy line or box

A

0.2sec

68
Q

Smallest vertical line or box

A

0.04 sec

69
Q

V1 lead placement

A

Fourth intercostal space , right sternal border

70
Q

V2 lead placement

A

Fourth intercostal space, left sternal border

71
Q

V3 lead placement

A

Half way between v2 and v4

72
Q

V4 lead placement

A

Fifth intercostal space midclavicular line

73
Q

V5 lead placement

A

Anterior auxiliary line same horizontal level as v4

74
Q

V6 lead placement

A

Midaxillary line on the same horizontal level as v4

75
Q

Artifacts drift away from center of graph paper

A

Wandering baseline

76
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Consistent pattern, rate between 60-100bpm pwaves have same shape, normal limit 0.12-0.20sec, QRS normal limit 0.06-0.10

77
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Less than 60 bpm , have p waves, QRS waves that are normal in size and sec
Give atropine may require pacemaker

78
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Heart Rate is 100-150 bpm p waves QRS are normal

79
Q

Sinus dysrrythmia

A

Heart rate 60-100 bpm, rhythm is irregular normal p and QRS wave

80
Q

Premature atrial contraction(PAC)

A

Contractions occur earlier than expected, p wave is irregular in rhythm seen closer together

81
Q

Has no pwaves but f waves or unmeasurable QRS is normal 250-350bpm very organized f waves

A

Atrial flutter

82
Q

Rapid electrical impulse atria rate >350bpm, rhythm is irregular no pwaves chaotic f waves no pr interval QRS normal limit

A

Atrial fibrillation

83
Q

Ectopic impulse that occur to early, no p or t wave, bizzare QRS complex

A

Premature ventricular contractions

PVC

84
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A 
Check pt.
If there is a pulse give amiodarone then determine cause
No pulse start cpr
Pwaves absent 
100-200bpm
85
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Absence of organized electrical activity

Disorganized chaotic in appearance

86
Q

Straight line

Absence of activity

A

Asystole

87
Q

Electric generator that mimics the normal pacemaker of the heart

A

Electronic cardiac pacemaker

88
Q

Inserted in the jugular outside of the body

A

Temporary trans venous pacemaker

89
Q

Permanent pacemaker

A

Implanted under clavicle

90
Q

External electrical stimulation that interrupts irregular induction patterns of the heart and restores the rhythm

A 
Cardio version 
-Atrial fibrillation 
-atrial flutter
-ventricular tachycardia with pulse
-
91
Q

Stops heart temporarily to allow a normal rhythm
Electrical shock wave sent through gel pads
Make sure all personnel stand clear

A

Defibrillation
Ventricular tachycardia without pulse
Ventricular fibrillation

92
Q

Send an electrical shock when a life threatening abnormal heart beat.
Treats reoccurring ventricular arrhythmia

A

Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Very painful feels like a horse kicking in chest

93
Q

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter can cause

A

Stroke
Pulmonary embolism
Kidney renal failure
MI

94
Q

Pregnant place the lower limb leads on

A

Thigh, place pt slight on their left side

95
Q

With geriatric pt how to remove leads

A

Remove gently, you can use adhesive removals

96
Q

When applying electrodes you want to?

A

Remove as much clothes as possible,
Remove watches
Jewelry and phones

97
Q

Pt have breast implants how would you place leads

A

V1 and V2 move higher on chest

98
Q

S/s of decrease cardiac output

Symptomatic bradycardia

A 
Decrease in mental status
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Chest pain
S.o.b
Hypotension 
Pale skin cool and clammy
99
Q

Antiarrhythemic medications

A 
Amiodarone, 
Digoxin
Cardiazepam 
Metoprolol 
Beta pace
Multag 
Tikosyn
100
Q

Diltiazem/ cardizem drip

A

Decrease heart rate cause vasodilation

Check vs do not exceed 10mg/hr

101
Q

DysRhythmia causes

A 
P- pulmonary embolism/edema
A-acidosis 
T-tension pneumothorax 
C-cardiac tamponade
H-hypoxia, hypovolemia, hyper/hypocolemia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia

M-myocardial infarction
D-drug over dose or drowning

Electrical Conduction/dysrhythmias (1 decks)

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