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PHY 114 > Electric Charge Potential Qnd Field > Flashcards

Electric Charge Potential Qnd Field Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the unit of electric charge? a) Ampereb) Coulombc) Voltd) Ohm
A

Answer: b) CoulombExplanation: The Coulomb is the standard unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).

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2
Q
  1. Which material is considered a good conductor of electricity? a) Plasticb) Glassc) Copperd) Wood
A

Answer: c) CopperExplanation: Copper is known for its high electrical conductivity

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3
Q
  1. What type of charge does a rubber rod acquire when rubbed with fur? a) Positive chargeb) Negative chargec) Neutral charged) Variable charge
A

Answer: b) Negative chargeExplanation: When a rubber rod is rubbed with fur

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true about like charges? a) They attract each otherb) They repel each otherc) They are neutrald) They can combine
A

Answer: b) They repel each otherExplanation: Like charges (either both positive or both negative) repel each other

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5
Q
  1. Who named the types of electric charges? a) Isaac Newtonb) Benjamin Franklinc) Thomas Edisond) Michael Faraday
A

Answer: b) Benjamin FranklinExplanation: Benjamin Franklin was the physicist who introduced the terms “positive” and “negative” charges.

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6
Q
  1. What is the result of rubbing a polythene strip with wool? a) It becomes positively chargedb) It becomes negatively chargedc) It remains neutrald) It becomes a good insulator
A

Answer: b) It becomes negatively chargedExplanation: Rubbing polythene with wool transfers electrons from the wool to the polythene

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7
Q
  1. What happens to a charged electroscope when a neutral object is brought close to it? a) It collapsesb) It divergesc) It becomes neutrald) It attracts the neutral object
A

Answer: b) It divergesExplanation: The presence of a charged object causes a separation of charge in the electroscope

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following is an example of an insulator? a) Aluminumb) Copperc) Plasticd) Silver
A

Answer: c) PlasticExplanation: Plastic is a poor conductor of electricity

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9
Q
  1. What is electrostatics? a) The study of electric charges in motionb) The study of electric charges at restc) The study of magnetic fieldsd) The study of electric circuits
A

Answer: b) The study of electric charges at restExplanation: Electrostatics focuses on electrical phenomena associated with stationary charges.

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10
Q
  1. What is the result of charging an object by conduction?a) The object gains a net positive chargeb) The object gains a net negative chargec) The object’s charge is unchangedd) The object can only become neutral
A

Answer: a) The object gains a net positive chargeExplanation: Charging by conduction involves transferring charge from one object to another

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11
Q
  1. What does the term “induced charge” refer to? a) Charge generated by frictionb) Charge that occurs when two objects touchc) Charge that occurs without direct contactd) Charge lost during an electrical discharge
A

Answer: c) Charge that occurs without direct contactExplanation: Induced charge is a phenomenon where a neutral object acquires a charge due to the influence of a nearby charged object without touching it.

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12
Q
  1. What is the primary cause of static electricity in everyday situations? a) Movement of electronsb) Movement of protonsc) Temperature changesd) Magnetic fields
A

Answer: a) Movement of electronsExplanation: Static electricity primarily results from the transfer of electrons between materials through friction.

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a semiconductor? a) Siliconb) Copperc) Germaniumd) Carbon
A

Answer: b) CopperExplanation: Copper is a good conductor

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14
Q
  1. How does grounding a charged conductor affect its charge? a) It retains its chargeb) It becomes positively chargedc) It becomes negatively chargedd) It loses its charge
A

Answer: d) It loses its chargeExplanation: Grounding allows excess charge to flow away neutralizing the conductor.

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15
Q
  1. What is the main difference between conductors and insulators? a) Conductors are heavierb) Insulators do not allow charge movementc) Conductors have no charged) Insulators are always made of metal
A

Answer: b) Insulators do not allow charge movementExplanation: Conductors allow electric charges to flow easily

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following phenomena is an example of electrostatic hazard? a) Using batteriesb) Sparks from a metal doorknobc) Electric currents in wiresd) Electromagnetic fields
A

Answer: b) Sparks from a metal doorknobExplanation: A spark can occur when a charged person touches a conductive object

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17
Q
  1. What occurs when a positively charged object is brought near a neutral conductor? a) The neutral conductor becomes negatively chargedb) The neutral conductor remains unchangedc) The neutral conductor becomes positively chargedd) The conductor gains a net charge
A

Answer: a) The neutral conductor becomes negatively chargedExplanation: Electrons in the neutral conductor are attracted to the positively charged object

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18
Q
  1. What happens when two different charged materials come into contact? a) They repel each otherb) They attract each otherc) They remain neutrald) They explode
A

Answer: b) They attract each otherExplanation: Opposite charges attract

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19
Q
  1. What is the role of the insulating base in an electroscope? a) To enhance conductivityb) To prevent charge lossc) To increase charged) To measure voltage
A

Answer: b) To prevent charge lossExplanation: An insulating base prevents the electroscope from losing charge to the ground

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20
Q
  1. What causes electrostatic discharge in an operating theater? a) Excessive humidityb) Friction from clothingc) High temperaturesd) Low pressure
A

Answer: b) Friction from clothingExplanation: Friction between clothing and surfaces can build up static electricity

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21
Q
  1. What is a common method to prevent static electricity build-up in fuel tankersa) Using plastic hosesb) Attaching metal chainsc) Covering with blanketsd) Painting with insulating paint
A

Answer: b) Attaching metal chainsExplanation: Metal chains provide a path for static electricity to discharge safely to the ground

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22
Q
  1. How does the atomic structure relate to electric charge? a) Atoms have no chargeb) Charges are found only in moleculesc) Electrons and protons create net chargesd) Neutrons determine the charge
A

Answer: c) Electrons and protons create net chargesExplanation: The balance between electrons (negative) and protons (positive) in atoms determines their overall charge.

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23
Q
  1. What is the primary reason some materials can be classified as semiconductors? a) They have many free electronsb) They can conduct electricity under certain conditionsc) They are always chargedd) They repel electric charges
A

Answer: b) They can conduct electricity under certain conditionsExplanation: Semiconductors conduct electricity better than insulators but worse than conductors

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24
Q
  1. In electrostatics what does it mean for charges to be conserved? a) Charges cannot be created or destroyedb) Charges can change typec) Charges can be multipliedd) Charges can disappear
A

Answer: a) Charges cannot be created or destroyedExplanation: The law of conservation of charge states that the total charge in an isolated system remains constant.

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25
Q
  1. When a neutral conductor is grounded what happens to its electrons?a) They are destroyedb) They flow into the conductorc) They flow to the groundd) They remain static
A

Answer:c) They flow to the groundExplanation: Grounding provides a path for excess electrons to leave the conductor

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26
Q
  1. What effect does rubbing two different materials together have?a) It generates heat onlyb) It can transfer charge between themc) It creates magnetic fieldsd) It only changes their temperature
A

Answer: b) It can transfer charge between themExplanation: Rubbing two different materials can cause electrons to transfer from one material to another

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27
Q
  1. Which of the following describes an electric field?a) A region around a charge where force is exertedb) A visible line of electric chargec) A measurement of potential energyd) A type of magnetic field
A

Answer: a) A region around a charge where force is exertedExplanation: An electric field represents the area around a charged object where it can exert a force on other charges.

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28
Q
  1. What happens to the leaves of a gold leaf electroscope when a charged rod is brought near?a) They convergeb) They divergec) They vibrated) They collapse
A

Answer: b) They divergeExplanation: When a charged rod is brought near

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29
Q
  1. Which of the following materials is typically used for the construction of a gold leaf electroscope?a) Copperb) Goldc) Aluminumd) Plastic
A

Answer: b) GoldExplanation: Gold is used because it is thin

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30
Q
  1. What is the behavior of a charged object when it is placed in a uniform electric field?a) It remains stationaryb) It experiences a force and movesc) It changes the direction of the fieldd) It loses its charge
A

Answer: b) It experiences a force and movesExplanation: A charged object in an electric field will experience a force proportional to its charge and the strength of the field

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31
Q
  1. What type of charge does a negatively charged object possess?a) An excess of protonsb) An excess of neutronsc) An excess of electronsd) An equal number of protons and electrons
A

Answer: c) An excess of electronsExplanation: A negatively charged object has more electrons than protons

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32
Q
  1. In the context of electric fields what do field lines represent?a) The speed of electric chargeb) The path of currentc) The strength and direction of the fieldd) The temperature of the charge
A

Answer: c) The strength and direction of the fieldExplanation: Electric field lines indicate the direction a positive test charge would move and their density represents the strength of the field.

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33
Q
  1. What happens during the process of charging by induction?a) Charges move through direct contactb) Charges are transferred through frictionc) Charges are rearranged without contactd) Charges are lost to the environment
A

Answer: c) Charges are rearranged without contactExplanation: Induction involves rearranging charges within a conductor in response to an external electric field without direct contact.

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34
Q
  1. What will happen if two positively charged spheres are brought close together?a) They will attract each otherb) They will repel each otherc) They will neutralize each otherd) They will explode
A

Answer: b) They will repel each otherExplanation: Like charges repel; thus

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35
Q
  1. How do semiconductors behave at high temperatures?a) They become insulatorsb) They have no free electronsc) They become better conductorsd) They explode
A

Answer: c) They become better conductorsExplanation: As temperature increases

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36
Q
  1. What type of charge is produced when a polythene strip is rubbed with wool
A

Answer: Negative charge.

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37
Q
  1. What is the name of the law that describes the force between two electric charges?
A

Answer: Coulomb’s Law.

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38
Q
  1. What happens to like charges when they are brought close to each other
A

Answer: They repel each other.

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39
Q
  1. What is the primary difference between conductors and insulators
A

Answer: Conductors allow electric charges to move freely

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40
Q
  1. What does it mean for a material to be classified as a semiconductor?
A

Answer: It has conductivity between that of conductors and insulators.

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41
Q
  1. How does grounding prevent electrostatic hazards in operating theaters?
A

Answer: It provides a path for static charges to dissipate safely.

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42
Q
  1. What charge does a glass rod acquire when rubbed with silk?
A

Answer: Positive charge.

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43
Q
  1. What occurs during the process of charging by induction?
A

Answer: A charged object induces a separation of charges in a neutral conductor without direct contact.

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44
Q
  1. What happens when an uncharged conductor touches a charged object
A

Answer: The conductor becomes charged by conduction.

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45
Q
  1. What is the effect of friction between a person’s rubber shoes and a carpet
A

Answer: It builds up static charge in the person’s body.

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46
Q
  1. What do electric field lines represent
A

Answer: The magnitude and direction of the electric field at any point.

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47
Q
  1. What is the significance of the conservation of electric charge?
A

Answer: The total electric charge in a closed system remains constant during any process.

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48
Q
  1. What is the relationship between the distance from a charge and the strength of the electric field?
A

Answer: The strength of the electric field decreases as the distance increases.

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49
Q
  1. How does an electroscope demonstrate the presence of electric charge?
A

Answer: The leaves diverge when a charged object is brought near or touches the electroscope.

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50
Q
  1. What occurs when a charged object is removed from a grounded conductor
A

Answer: The conductor remains neutral if the connection to the ground is maintained; otherwise

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51
Q
  1. What is the charge of a proton?a) -eb) 0c) ed) 2e
A

Answer: c) eExplanation: A proton has a positive charge equal to the fundamental unit of charge denoted as e.

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52
Q
  1. What happens to like charges when they are brought together?a) They attract each otherb) They repel each otherc) They neutralize each otherd)They do nothing
A

Answer: b) They repel each otherExplanation: Like charges (both positive or both negative) repel each other due to Coulomb’s law.

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53
Q
  1. What is the S.I. unit of charge?a) Voltb) Amperec) Coulombd) Ohm
A

Answer: c) CoulombExplanation: The coulomb (C) is the standard unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).

54
Q
  1. How is electric charge quantized?a) In random amountsb) In integral multiples of ec) In fractions of ed) In any real number
A

Answer: b) In integral multiples of eExplanation: Electric charge occurs in discrete units

55
Q
  1. What does Coulomb’s Law describe?a) The gravitational force between massesb) The force between two charged objectsc) The motion of chargesd) The magnetic force between magnets
A

Answer: b) The force between two charged objectsExplanation: Coulomb’s Law quantifies the electrostatic force between two point charges.

56
Q
  1. What is the value of the permittivity of free space (ε₀)?a) 8.85 x 10⁻² F/mb) 9.0 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²c) 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²d) 1.0 x 10⁶ C²/Nm²
A

Answer: a) 8.85 x 10⁻² F/mExplanation: The permittivity of free space is a fundamental physical constant used in Coulomb’s law.

57
Q
  1. If the distance between two point charges is doubled
A

what happens to the electrostatic force between them?a) It remains the sameb) It doublesc) It becomes four times weakerd) It becomes half

58
Q
  1. What type of charges attract each other?a) Like chargesb) Opposite chargesc) Neutral chargesd) No charges
A

Answer: b) Opposite chargesExplanation: Opposite charges (positive and negative) attract due to their different signs.

59
Q
  1. How is the total charge of a system determined?a) By summing all the positive charges onlyb) By summing all the negative charges onlyc) By summing both positive and negative chargesd) By calculating the average charge
A

Answer: c) By summing both positive and negative chargesExplanation: The total charge of a system is the algebraic sum of all charges present.

60
Q
  1. What is the ratio of the electric force to the gravitational force between an electron and a proton?a) 10²b) 10⁴c) 10⁶d) 10¹⁰
A

Answer: d) 10¹²Explanation:The electric force between an electron and proton is significantly stronger than the gravitational force

61
Q
  1. What happens during charging by induction?a) Direct contact is requiredb) Charges are transferred through a conductorc) A charged object induces a charge separation without contactd) Only positive charges move
A

Answer: c) A charged object induces a charge separation without contactExplanation: Charging by induction involves the influence of a charged body on a neutral conductor

62
Q
  1. The electric field intensity (E) is defined as:a) Force per unit massb) Charge per unit volumec) Force per unit charged) Charge per unit area
A

Answer: c) Force per unit chargeExplanation: Electric field intensity is defined as the force experienced by a unit positive charge placed in the field.

63
Q
  1. What happens to the electric field strength as distance from the charge increases?a) It increasesb) It decreasesc) It remains constantd) It oscillates
A

Answer: b) It decreasesExplanation: The electric field strength decreases with an increase in distance from the charge.

64
Q
  1. What do electric field lines represent?a) The direction of current flowb) The paths of moving electronsc) The direction of force on a positive test charged) The potential difference
A

Answer: c) The direction of force on a positive test chargeExplanation: Electric field lines indicate the direction a positive charge would move in the field.

65
Q
  1. What is the dielectric constant (ε) of air approximately equal to?a) 1b) 2c) 5d) 10
A

Answer: a) 1Explanation: The dielectric constant of air is approximately equal to 1

66
Q
  1. What does the electric field intensity (E) depend on?a) The charge and the distanceb) Only the chargec) Only the distanced) The mass of the objects
A

Answer: a) The charge and the distanceExplanation: The electric field intensity depends on both the charge creating the field and the distance from the charge.

67
Q
  1. The force between two point charges is given by which formula?a) F = mgb) F = k(q₁q₂)/r²c) F = IVd) F = ma
A

Answer: b) F = k(q₁*q₂)/r²Explanation: This formula represents Coulomb’s Law

68
Q
  1. Which of the following describes electric fields?a) Scalar quantitiesb) Vector quantitiesc) Constant quantitiesd) Irrelevant to charge
A

Answer:b) Vector quantitiesExplanation: Electric fields have both magnitude and direction

69
Q
  1. What does a calibrated electroscope measure?a) Voltageb) Currentc) Charged) Resistance
A

Answer: c) ChargeExplanation: An electroscope measures the amount of electric charge present.

70
Q
  1. If an uncharged conductor touches a charged object
A

what happens?a) The conductor gains a chargeb) The conductor loses massc) The charge is neutralizedd) Nothing happens

71
Q
  1. What is the relationship between the electric field and the permittivity of a medium?a) E = ε * Db) E = D/εc) E = ε * Fd) E = F * ε
A

Answer: b) E = D/εExplanation: This equation relates electric field strength (E) to the electric displacement (D) and permittivity (ε).

72
Q
  1. What is the effect of an insulating medium on the electrostatic force?a) It increases the forceb) It decreases the forcec) It has no effectd) It inverts the force
A

Answer: b) It decreases the forceExplanation: The presence of an insulating medium reduces the electric force compared to free space.

73
Q
  1. How does the electric force between charges compare to the gravitational force at atomic scales?a) They are equalb) The electric force is weakerc) The electric force is strongerd) They have no relation
A

Answer: c) The electric force is strongerExplanation: At atomic scales

74
Q
  1. Which of the following correctly describes an electric field pattern?a) Lines that never intersectb) Lines that can crossc) Lines that form closed loops d) Lines that are straight and parallel
A

Answer: a) Lines that never intersect

75
Q
  1. In a uniform electric field the lines of force are:a) Curvedb) Perpendicular to each otherc) Parallel and equally spacedd) Randomly distributed
A

Answer: c) Parallel and equally spacedExplanation: In a uniform electric field

76
Q
  1. What is the formula for calculating electric field intensity (E) due to a point charge (Q)?a) E = F/qb) E = q/r²c) E = kQ/r²d) E = F/V
A

Answer: c) E = kQ/r²Explanation: The electric field intensity at a distance r from a point charge Q is given by this formula

77
Q
  1. Which of the following is a property of electric field lines?a) They can breakb) They can crossc) They start from positive charges and end at negative chargesd) They are always circular
A

Answer: c) They start from positive charges and end at negative chargesExplanation: Electric field lines originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.

78
Q
  1. What does an increase in electric field intensity imply about the force experienced by a charge in that field?a) The force decreasesb) The force remains the samec) The force increasesd) The force becomes zero
A

Answer: c) The force increasesExplanation: Electric field intensity is directly proportional to the force experienced by a charge placed in the field.

79
Q
  1. What is the principle of superposition in electric fields?a) The total field is the vector sum of individual fieldsb) Fields can only add up linearlyc) Electric fields do not interactd) Charges do not affect each other
A

Answer: a) The total field is the vector sum of individual fieldsExplanation: The principle of superposition states that the resultant electric field is the vector sum of the electric fields due to individual charges.

80
Q
  1. What happens to the electric field strength as the distance from the charge decreases?a) It decreasesb) It increasesc) It remains constantd) It oscillates
A

Answer: b) It increasesExplanation: The electric field strength increases as the distance from the charge decreases.

81
Q
  1. The total charge of an object can be measured using which device?a) Ammeterb) Voltmeterc) Electroscoped) Galvanometer
A

Answer: c) ElectroscopeExplanation: An electroscope is used to detect and measure electric charge.

82
Q
  1. The force between two point charges is 4 N. What happens to this force if the distance between them is halved?a) It becomes 1 Nb) It becomes 2 Nc) It becomes 8 Nd) It remains 4 N
A

Answer: c) It becomes 8 NExplanation: Halving the distance increases the force by a factor of four

83
Q
  1. Which of the following is true about electric field lines in a conductor at equilibrium?a) They are densely packed inside the conductorb) They are straight and parallel inside the conductorc) They are absent inside the conductord) They curve inside the conductor
A

Answer: c) They are absent inside the conductorExplanation: In electrostatic equilibrium

84
Q
  1. What is the effect of a dielectric material on the capacitance of a capacitor?a) It decreases capacitanceb) It increases capacitancec) It has no effectd) It changes capacitance to resistance
A

Answer: b) It increases capacitanceExplanation: Inserting a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor increases its capacitance.

85
Q
  1. If the charge on two objects is tripled
A

what happens to the electrostatic force between them?a) It is halvedb) It remains the samec) It is tripledd) It is increased by a factor of nine

86
Q
  1. Which of the following statements accurately describes the direction of the electric force between two charges?a. The force is always attractive.b. The force is always repulsive.c. The force is attractive between opposite charges and repulsive between like charges.D. The force is repulsive between opposite charges and attractive between like charges.
A

Answer: c. The force is attractive between opposite charges and repulsive between like charges.Explanation: The electric force between two charges depends on their signs. Opposite charges (one positive and one negative) attract each other while like charges (both positive or both negative) repel each other.

87
Q
  1. What is the SI unit of electric potential?a. Coulomb (C)b. Volt (V)c. Ampere (A)d. Joule (J)
A

Answer: b. Volt (V)Explanation: Electric potential is measured in volts (V). One volt is equivalent to one joule of work done per coulomb of charge.

88
Q
  1. What is the electric potential at infinity assumed to be?a. Zerob. Positivec. Negatived. It cannot be determined.
A

Answer: a. ZeroExplanation: The electric potential at infinity is conventionally set to zero. This serves as a reference point for measuring potential differences.

89
Q
  1. How is the electric potential at a point in an electric field defined? a. The work done to bring a unit positive charge from that point to infinity.b. The work done to bring a unit negative charge from infinity to that point.c. The work done to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.d. The work done to bring a unit negative charge from that point to infinity.
A

Answer: c. The work done to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to that point.Explanation: Electric potential is defined as the work done by an external force to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to that point in the electric field.

90
Q
  1. An equipotential surface is a surface where? a. All points have the same electric field intensity.b. All points have the same electric potential.c. The electric field is zero at every point.d. The electric potential is zero at every point.
A

Answer: b. All points have the same electric potential.Explanation: An equipotential surface is a surface where all points have the same electric potential. This means that no work is done to move a charge along this surface.

91
Q
  1. What is the relationship between the electric field intensity (E) and the electric potential (V)?a. E is directly proportional to V.b. E is inversely proportional to V.c. E is independent of V.d. There is no direct relationship between E and V.
A

Answer: b. E is inversely proportional to V.Explanation: The electric field intensity (E) is the negative gradient of the electric potential (V). This means that the electric field points in the direction of the greatest decrease in potential.

92
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a property of an equipotential surface?a. Equipotential surfaces are perpendicular to the lines of force. b. The electric field is zero at every point on an equipotential surface.c. No work is done in moving a charge along an equipotential surface.d. Equipotential surfaces can be of different shapes depending on the charge distribution.
A

Answer: b. The electric field is zero at every point on an equipotential surface.Explanation: While the electric field is perpendicular to equipotential surfaces it is not zero on the surface itself. The electric field is constant in magnitude and direction along the surface.

93
Q
  1. What is the electric potential energy of a charge at a point in an electric fielda. The work doneto move the charge from that point to infinity.b. The work done to move the charge from infinity to that point.c. The force acting on the charge at that point.d. The potential difference between that point and infinity.
A

Answer: b. The work done to move the charge from infinity to that point.Explanation: Electric potential energy is the work done to bring the charge from infinity (where its potential energy is assumed to be zero) to that specific point in the electric field.

94
Q
  1. What is the potential difference between two points in an electric field?a. The work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to the other.b. The force acting on a unit positive charge at one of the points.c. The electric potential at one of the points.d. The distance between the two points.
A

Answer: a. The work done to move a unit positive charge from one point to the other.Explanation: Potential difference is defined as the work done per unit positive charge to move a charge from one point to another against the electric field.

95
Q
  1. If the electric potential difference between two points in an electric field is V what is the work done to move a charge q from one point to the other?a. qVb. V/qc. q/Vd. V
A

Answer: a. qVExplanation: The work done (W) to move a charge (q) through a potential difference (V) is given by W = qV.

96
Q
  1. How does the electric potential energy of a charge change when it is moved from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential?a. The potential energy increases.b. The potential energy decreases.c. The potential energy remains the same.d. The potential energy changes but the direction depends on the sign of the charge.
A

Answer: b. The potential energy decreases.Explanation: When a positive charge is moved from a higher potential to a lower potential its potential energy decreases. Conversely if the charge is negative its potential energy increases.

97
Q
  1. The electric potential due to a point charge is:a. Directly proportional to the distance from the charge.b. Inversely proportional to the distance from the charge.c. Independent of the distance from the charge.d. Proportional to the square of the distance from the charge.
A

Answer: b. Inversely proportional to the distance from the charge.Explanation: The electric potential due to a point charge is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge. This means that the potential decreases as the distance from the charge increases.

98
Q
  1. What is the electric field intensity at a point where the electric potential is constant?a. The electric field intensity is zero.b. The electric field intensity is constant.c. The electric field intensity is maximum.d. The electric field intensity is minimum.
A

Answer: a. The electric field intensity is zero.Explanation: The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential. If the potential is constant the gradient is zero

99
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about electric potential energy is TRUEa. Electric potential energy is a vector quantity.b. Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity.c. Electric potential energy is independent of the position of the charge.d. Electric potential energy is always positive.
A

Answer: b. Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity.Explanation: Electric potential energy is a scalar quantity meaning it has magnitude but no direction.

100
Q
  1. What happens to the electric potential energy of a charge as it moves in the direction of the electric field?a. The potential energy increases.b. The potential energy decreases.c. The potential energy remains the same.d. The potential energy changes but the direction depends on the sign of the charge.
A

Answer: b. The potential energy decreases.Explanation: When a charge moves in the direction of the electric field it is moving from a higher potase.

101
Q
  1. What is the relationship between electric potential energy (U) and electric potential (V)?a. U = qV where q is the charge.b. U = V/q where q is the charge.c. U = q/V where q is the charge.d. U = V where q is the charge.
A

Answer: a. U = qV where q is the charge.Explanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a charge (q) at a point where the electric potential is V is given by U = qV.

102
Q
  1. Which of the following is an equipotential surface?a. A sphere centered on a point charge.b. A plane perpendicular to a uniform electric field.c. A cylindrical surface around a long straight wire.d. All of the above.
A

Answer: d. All of the above.Explanation: All of the surfaces listed are equipotential surfaces. A sphere centered on a point charge has equipotential surfaces that are concentric spheres. A plane perpendicular to a uniform electric field is an equipotential surface because all points on the plane have the same potential. A cylindrical surface around a long straight wire is an equipotential surface because all points on the surface have the same potential.

103
Q
  1. What is the work done in moving a charge of +2 Coulombs from a point at 10 volts to a point at 5 volts?a. 10 Joulesb. 5 Joulesc. -5 Joulesd. 15 Joules
A

Answer: c. -5 JoulesExplanation: The work done (W) to move a charge (q) through a potential difference (V) is given by W = qV. Here q = +2 Coulombs and V = 5 - 10 = -5 Volts. Therefore W = (2)(-5) = -10 Joules.

104
Q
  1. If the electric potential at a point is 10 volts what is the work done to bring a charge of +1 Coulomb from infinity to that point?a. 10 Joulesb. 5 Joules c. -5 Joulesd. 15 Joules
A

Answer: a. 10 JoulesExplanation: The work done to bring a charge from infinity to a point is equal to the potential at that point multiplied by the charge. Therefore the work done is (10 volts)(1 Coulomb) = 10 Joules.

105
Q
  1. A charge of +3 Coulombs is moved from a point where the electric potential is 20 volts to a point where the electric potential is 5 volts. What is the change in electric potential energy?a. 45 Joulesb. -45 Joules c. 15 Joulesd. -15 Joules
A

Answer: b. -45 JoulesExplanation: The change in potential energy is equal to the charge multiplied by the potential difference. Therefore

106
Q
  1. What is the electric potential at a distance of 1 meter from a point charge of +2 Coulombs?a. 18 x 109 Voltsb. 9 x 109 Voltsc. 36 x 109 Volts d. 45 x 109 Volts
A

Answer: a. 18 x 109 VoltsExplanation: The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore V = (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(2 Coulombs)/(1 meter) = 18 x 109 Volts.

107
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about electric field lines is TRUE? a. Electric field lines always point in the direction of increasing electric potential.b. Electric field lines always point in the direction of decreasing electric potential. c. Electric field lines can cross each other. d. Electric field lines never start or end at a point charge.
A

Answer: b. Electric field lines always point in the direction of decreasing electric potential.Explanation: Electric field lines always point in the direction of decreasing electric potential. This is because the electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential.

108
Q
  1. What is the electric potential energy of a charge of +4 Coulombs at a point where the electric potential is 20 volts? a. 80 Joulesb. 20 Joulesc. 5 Joulesd. 100 Joules
A

Answer: a. 80 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a charge (q) at a point where the electric potential is V is given by U = qV. Therefore the electric potential energy is (4 Coulombs)(20 volts) = 80 Joules.

109
Q
  1. What is the work done to move a charge of -5 Coulombs from a point where the electric potential is 10 volts to a point where the electric potential is 20 volts?a. 50 Joulesb. -50 Joulesc. 10 Joulesd. -10 Joules
A

Answer: a. 50 JoulesExplanation: The work done (W) to move a charge (q) through a potential difference (V) is given by W = qV. Therefore the work done is (-5 Coulombs)(20 volts - 10 volts) = 50 Joules.

110
Q
  1. A point charge of +2 Coulombs is placed at the origin. What is the electric potential at a point located at (1 0 0)?a. 18 x 109 Volts b. 9 x 109 Voltsc. 36 x 109 Voltsd. 45 x 109 Volts
A

Answer: a. 18 x 109 VoltsExplanation: The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore V = (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(2 Coulombs)/(1 meter) = 18 x 109 Volts.

111
Q
  1. A charge of +5 Coulombs is moved from a point where the electric potential is 10 volts to a point where the electric potential is 20 volts. What is the change in electric potential energy?a. 50 Joulesb. -50 Joulesc. 10 Joulesd. -10 Joules
A

Answer: a. 50 JoulesExplanation: The change in electric potential energy is equal to the charge multiplied by the potential difference. Therefore the change in potential energy is (5 Coulombs)(20 volts - 10 volts) = 50 Joules.

112
Q
  1. What is the electric potential energy of a charge of -3 Coulombs at a point where the electric potential is 15 volts?a. 45 Joulesb. -45 Joulesc. 15 Joulesd. -15 Joules
A

Answer: b. -45 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a charge (q) at a point where the electric potential is V is given by U = qV. Therefore the electric potential energy is (-3 Coulombs)(15 volts) = -45 Joules.

113
Q
  1. Two point charges of +2 Coulombs and -3 Coulombs are placed 1 meter apart. What is the electric potential energy of the system?a. 54 x 109 Joulesb. -54 x 109 Joulesc. 27 x 109 Joulesd. -27 x 109 Joules
A

Answer: d. -27 x 109 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a system of two point charges (q1 and q2) separated by a distance (r) is given by U = kq1q2/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore the electric potential energy of the system is (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(2 Coulombs)(-3 Coulombs)/(1 meter) = -54 x 109 Joules.

114
Q
  1. A charge of +4 Coulombs is moved from a point where the electric potential is 10 volts to a point where the electric potential is 5 volts. What is the change in electric potential energy?a. 20 Joulesb. -20 Joules c. 10 Joules d. -10 Joules
A

Answer: b. -20 JoulesExplanation: The change in potential energy is equal to the charge multiplied by the potential difference. Therefore the change in potential energy is (4 Coulombs)(5 volts - 10 volts) = -20 Joules.

115
Q
  1. What is the electric potential at a distance of 2 meters from a point charge of +3 Coulombs?a. 13.5 x 109 Volts b. 27 x 109 Voltsc. 54 x 109 Volts d. 67.5 x 109 Volts
A

Answer: a. 13.5 x 109 VoltsExplanation: The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore V = (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(3 Coulombs)/(2 meters) = 13.5 x 109 Volts.

116
Q
  1. What is the electric potential energy of a charge of -2 Coulombs at a point where the electric potential is 10 volts?a. -20 Joulesb. 20 Joulesc. 10 Joulesd. -10 Joules
A

Answer: a. -20 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a charge (q) at a point where the electric potential is V is given by U = qV. Therefore the electric potential energy is (-2 Coulombs)(10 volts) = -20 Joules.

117
Q
  1. Two point charges of +4 Coulombs and -6 Coulombs are placed 2 meters apart. What is the electric potential energy of the system?a. -54 x 109 Joulesb. 54 x 109 Joulesc. -27 x 109 Joulesd. 27 x 109 Joules
A

Answer: a. -54 x 109 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a system of two point charges (q1 and q2) separated by a distance (r) is given by U = kq1q2/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore the electric potential energy of the system is (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(4 Coulombs)(-6 Coulombs)/(2 meters) = -54 x 109 Joules.

118
Q
  1. A charge of +6 Coulombs is moved from a point where the electric potential is 15 volts to a point where the electric potential is 25 volts. What is the change in electric potential energy?a. 60 Joules b. -60 Joules c. 10 Joules d. -10 Joules
A

Answer: a. 60 JoulesExplanation: The change in potential energy is equal to the charge multiplied by the potential difference. Therefore the change in potential energy is (6 Coulombs)(25 volts - 15 volts) = 60 Joules.

119
Q
  1. What is the electric potential at a distance of 3 meters from a point charge of +5 Coulombs?a. 15 x 109 Volts b. 5 x 109 Voltsc. 45 x 109 Voltsd. 75 x 109 Volts
A

Answer: a. 15 x 109 VoltsExplanation: The electric potential (V) due to a point charge (Q) at a distance (r) is given by V = kQ/r where k is Coulomb’s constant (9 x 109 Nm2/C2). Therefore V = (9 x 109 Nm2/C2)(5 Coulombs)/(3 meters) = 15 x 109 Volts.

120
Q
  1. What is the electric potential energy of a charge of -4 Coulombs at a point where the electric potential is 12 volts?a. 48 Joulesb. -48 Joulesc. 12 Joules d. -12 Joules
A

Answer: b. -48 JoulesExplanation: The electric potential energy (U) of a charge (q) at a point where the electric potential is V is given by U = qV. Therefore the electric potential energy is (-4 Coulombs)(12 volts) = -48 Joules

121
Q
  1. What is electric potential?
A

Answer: Electric potential is the work done per unit positive charge to move a charge from infinity to a specific point in an electric field. Explanation: It’s a scalar quantity that represents the potential energy a charge would have at that point.

122
Q
  1. What is an equipotential surface?
A

Answer: An equipotential surface is a surface in an electric field where all points have the same electric potential.Explanation: No work is done in moving a charge along an equipotential surface

123
Q
  1. What is the relationship between electric field intensity (E) and electric potential (V)?
A

Answer: The electric field intensity (E) is the negative gradient of the electric potential (V). Explanation: This means that the electric field points in the direction of the greatest decrease in potential. Mathematically

124
Q
  1. What is electric potential energy?
A

Answer: Electric potential energy (U) is the work done to move a charge from infinity to a specific point in an electric field.Explanation: It is a measure of the potential energy a charge would have at that point.

125
Q
  1. How does the electric potential of a point charge vary with distance?
A

Answer: The electric potential due to a point charge is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge.Explanation: This means that the potential decreases as the distance from the charge increases.

126
Q
  1. State the main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases.
A

Answer: The kinetic theory of gases is based on these assumptions: * Gas molecules are in constant random motion. * Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic. * The volume of the gas molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the container. * There are no forces between molecules except during collisions.

127
Q
  1. How does the kinetic theory explain Boyle’s law?
A

Answer: The kinetic theory explains Boyle’s law by considering that the pressure exerted by a gas is due to the collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container. As the volume decreases

128
Q
  1. What are the standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions for gases?
A

Answer: Standard temperature and pressure (STP) for gases is defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atmosphere of pressure (101.325 kPa).

129
Q
  1. What is the relationship between the temperature of an ideal gas and its molecular kinetic energy?
A

Answer: The temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. Explanation: This means that as the temperature increases

130
Q
  1. What is the combined gas law
A

Answer: The combined gas law combines Boyle’s law

131
Q
  1. What is saturated vapor?
A

Answer: Saturated vapor is the maximum amount of vapor that can exist at a given temperature and pressure.Explanation: It is in equilibrium with the liquid phase.

132
Q
  1. What is the vapor pressure of a liquid?
A

Answer: The vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its vapor when the liquid is in equilibrium with its vapor.

PHY 114 (4 decks)

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