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Politics A Level - UK Politics > Election Case Studies > Flashcards

Election Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

1997 - Labour
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

418 Seats
(145 Gain)
43.2% of HoC
13.5 million votes

179 seat majority

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2
Q

1997 - Tories
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

165 Seats
(178 loss)
30.7% of HoC
9.6 million votes

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3
Q

1997 - Lib Dems
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

46 Seats
30 Gain, 2 loss
16.8% of HoC
5.2 million votes

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4
Q

How were votes distributed across the UK in 1997?

A
  • Labour held traditional areas (the north), gained Northern/Midland rural areas
  • Tories kept rural areas but lost Scotland (to various) and south-west (to Lib Dems)
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5
Q

What were voter patterns like in regards to class in ‘97?

A
  • Middle Class (ABC1) - 40% Tories, but closely Labour at around 35%
  • Skilled Working Class (C2) - 50% Labour not close at all
  • Semi/unskilled Working Class (DE) - Almost 60% Labour not close at all
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6
Q

Did gender affect voting patterns in 1997?

A

Not really

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7
Q

How did different age groups vote in 1997?

A

18 - 24: almost 50% Labour
25 - 64: almost 50% Labour
65+ : 41% Labour/ 36% Tories

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8
Q

Describe the political context of the ‘97 election

A
  • Black Wednesday saw crash after UK joined the ERM which lead to inflation in interest rates, questioning of Tory competence
  • Unemployment peaked at 10.8% in ‘93, seen to be losing control of assuring employment access to all
  • Major’s ‘back to basics’ and emphasis on respect of law and self-discipline followed by 9 Tory scandals
  • Clause 4 - Blair removed the clause in the Labour manifesto that promised they would stand for common ownership and eschew private enterprise
  • Blair rebranded labour and created the ‘third way’
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9
Q

What did the Labour Party manifesto focus on in 1997?

A 
• Education
 No tax increase for bottom or top brackets
• Low inflation
• Get 250,000 young people off benefits
• Rebuild NHS
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10
Q

What did the Conservative Party manifesto focus on in 1997?

A
  • Keep tight control of public spending
  • Keep prices and mortgages low
  • Stated jobs were secured by not joining in on the European Unions’s Social chapter
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11
Q

What did the Lib Dem manifesto focus on in 1997?

A
  • Invest additional £2 billion per year
  • Invest £200 million a year to recruit more staff for frontline patient care, 100,00 extra nurses or 5000 extra doctors
  • Cut VAT and taxes in jobs
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12
Q

How did the media influence the 1997 election?

A
  • No political party had won without being backed by ‘The Sun’, in ‘97 had 3.8 million readers
  • The Financial Times (capitalist newspaper) supported Labour for the first time
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13
Q

1979 - Tories
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

339 Seats
(Gain 63/loss 1)
43.9% of HoC
13.7 million votes

43 seat majority

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14
Q

1979 - Labour
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

269 seats
(Gain 4/loss 54)
36.9% of HoC
11.5 million votes

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15
Q

1979 - Liberal
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

11 seats
(Gain 1/loss 3)
13.8% of HoC
4.3 million votes

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16
Q

How were votes distributed across the UK in 1979?

A
  • Labour help traditional urban constituencies but lost heavily in the Midlands, market and suburban seats to Tories
  • Tories also gained in rural Scotland taking seats from Liberals and SNP
  • Liberals maintained traditional seats
17
Q

What were voter patterns like in regards to class in 1979?

A

Middle Class (ABC1) - 60% Tories
Skilled Working Class (C2) - tied at 40% between Tories and Labour
Semi/unskilled Working Class (DE) - 49% Labour

18
Q

Did gender affect voting patterns in 1979?

A

Women were slightly more likely to vote conservative

19
Q

How did different age groups vote in 1979?

A

18 - 24: 42% Tories/41% Labour

25 - 64: 43% Tories

20
Q

Describe the political context of the 1979 election

A
  • Economy - Winter of discontent 1978/79 - mass inflation and no GDP growth. A series of strikes form public services (bin collection, gravediggers, hospital) in demand of wage increase - resulted in a drop in GDP
  • Callaghan - Labour majority of 4 was constantly threatened, lost it by Nov ‘76 election, entry Lib-Lab pact until it collapsed in ‘78. March ‘79 vote of no confidence triggered an election
  • Campaign - Tories appeal to the middle class ‘hardworking people’, ‘Crisis? What crisis?’ , tax reduction and privatisation
21
Q

What did the Conservative Party manifesto focus on in 1979?

A

Five tasks
• Control inflation and reduce the power of trade unions
• Restore incentives so hard work pays
• Uphold Parliament and the rule of law
• Concentrating welfare for those who ‘really need it’ (old, sick, and disabled)
• Strengthen Britains defences and work with allies

22
Q

What did the Labour Party manifesto focus on in 1979?

A 
Five Tasks
• Control inflation
• Improve industrial relations
• Improve employment
• Enlarged peoples freedoms
• Strengthen world peace and defeat world poverty
23
Q

How did the media influence the 1979 election?

A
  • Sun supported Tories, a readership of 3.8 million

* All but the Guardian and The Daily Mirror supported Tories

24
Q

2010 - Tories
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

306 seats
(96 gain)
•
10.7 million votes

25
Q

2010 - Labour
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

258 Seats
(90 loss)
•
8.6 million votes

26
Q

2010 - Lib Dems
Seats (Gain/loss)
% of HoC
No. of votes

A

57 Seats
5 seat loss

6.8 million votes

27
Q

What was formed in 2010?

A

A coalition government between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats

28
Q

How were votes distributed in the 2010 election?

A
  • Labour held onto traditional urban constituencies nationwide but lost heavily in the Midlands + rural/suburban North to the Conservatives
  • Liberal Democrats held in “Celtic Fringes” but lost a handful of seats despite an increase share of the vote
29
Q

What were voter patterns like in regards to class in 2010?

A
  • Upper Middle Class (AB) - Con 39%, Labour 26%, Lib Dem 29%
  • Middle Class (C1) - 39% Con, 28% Lab, 24% Lib Dem
  • Semi Skilled workers (C2) - 37% Con, 29% Lab, 22% Lib Dem
  • Working class (DE) - 31% Con, 40% Lab, 17% Lib De
30
Q

Did gender affect voting patterns in 2010?

A

Tories - 38% male, 36% female
Labour - 28% males, 31% female
Lib Dem - 22% male, 26% female
Not really, women minimally slightly more left leaning

31
Q

How did different age groups vote in 2010?

A
  • 18 -24 : 30% to Tories and Life Dems, 31% Labour

* 25 - 64: 34-38% average Tories , 28-31% average Labour, 23%-29% average Lib Dems

32
Q

Describe the political context of the 2010 election

A
  • Financial crisis of 2008, brought about by sub-prime mortgage lending caused a crash in the banking sector that resulted in the worst downturn of growth in a century under Brown
  • Ed Miliband + Labour not taking responsibility, said spending wasn’t reason for crash couldn’t be trusted with economy again
  • Brown’s issues with public image - bigotgate
  • Tory rebranding - David Cameron, younger. More environmentally friendly patty with new logo, ‘Hug a Huskie’
33
Q

Name the key aims of the Conservative Party’s manifesto in 2010

A
  • Change the Economy - safeguard Britain’s credit rating, reduce youth unemployment, improve Britain’s international rankings for tax competitiveness
  • Build the Big Society - ambition of every adult citizen being a member of an active neighbourhood group, NCS
  • Back the NHS
  • Vote blue, go green - cut carbon emissions and rebuild our energy security, promote a sustainable farming industry
34
Q

Name the key aims of the Labour Party’s manifesto in 2010

A

“50 steps to a future fair for all”

  1. halve the deficit by 2014 through economic growth, fair taxes and cuts to lower priority spending.
  2. National Minimum Wage rising at least in line with average earnings
  3. Spending increased on frontline Sure Start and free childcare, schools and 16-19 learning
  4. right to cancer test results within one week of referral, and a maximum 18 weeks’ wait for treatment
  5. the funding to maintain police and PCSO numbers
  6. Achieve around 40 per cent low-carbon electricity by 2020 and create 400,000 new green jobs by 2015
35
Q

Name the key aims of the LIberal Democrats’ manifesto in 2010

A

4 steps to a fairer Britain
• Fair taxes that put money back in your pocket - first £10,000 earnt = tax-free, .6 million low earners and pensioners freed from income tax completely
• A fair chance for every child - cutting class sizes, by investing £2.5 billion in schools targeted to help struggling pupils, not increasing tuition fees
• A fair future creating jobs by making Britain greener
• A fair deal by cleaning up politics - giving the right to sack corrupt MPs, restore British civil liberties with a Freedom Bill, Overhaul Westminster completely: fair votes, an elected House of Lords, all politicians to pay full British taxes

36
Q

How did the media influence the 2010 election?

A
  • Only Daily Mirror supporting Labour, Guardian and Independent supporting the Lib Dems
  • The Sun, Daily Mail, Times all supporting Tories
  • Tory media campaign was on the financial crash under Labour , Labour emphasised a threat of returning to Thatcherism under the Tories, Lib Dems highlight Tory plan to increase VAT (which they later did whilst in coalition with Lib Dems)

Politics A Level - UK Politics (5 decks)

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