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ATLS course > elearning > Flashcards

elearning Flashcards

1
Q

AMPLE

A

Allergies
Meds
PMHs
last meal
events

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2
Q

Definitive airway definition

A
  • tube placed in trachea with cuff inflated below vocal cords
  • connected to a form of o2 enriched ventilation
  • stablised in situ
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3
Q

GCS for a definitive airway

A

8 or less

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4
Q

LEMON airway

A

Look externally
Evaluate 322 rule
Mallampati
Obstruction
Neck mobility

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5
Q

Criteria for definitive airway

A

Burns
Facial trauma
GCS < 8
Failure to maintain oxygenation

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5
Q

Criteria for definitive airway

A

Burns
Facial trauma
GCS < 8
Failure to maintain oxygenation

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6
Q

How many people for safe log rolling

A

4
1 on c spine
2 on rolling
1 on assessing spine

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7
Q

How many people for safe intubation of trauma patient

A

3
1 on c spine
1 on laryngoscope
1 passing bougie - connecting tube

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8
Q

How to ensure placement of Endotracheal tube

A

Listen : bilat air entry
Look: capnography (no CO2 -> OG intubation), CXR

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9
Q

Sources of bleeding

A

blood on the floor and 4 more
Chest
Abdo
Long bone
Pelvis

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10
Q

How to estimate blood volume

A

7 % of adults weight
7 % obese adults ideal body weight
8-9% of child’s body weight

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11
Q

Classes of haemorrhagic shock

A
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12
Q

Base deficit for classes of haemorrhagic shock

A

0 to -2
-2 to -6
-6 to -10
< -10

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13
Q

Response patterns to fluid resus

A

Rapid response
Transient response : transfuse and control ongoing bleeding ( op vs angio)
Minimal response (massive transfusion protocol + op)

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14
Q

Massive transfusion def

A

10 units of RBC in 24hrs or 4 units in 1 hr

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15
Q

Massive haemothorax def

A

1.5 l on insertion of chest drain
200ml/hr for 4 hrs

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16
Q

Types of pelvic fractures

A

Lateral compression 60 %
Anterior posterior (open book) 10-15
Vertical shear 10-15

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17
Q

Normal ICP

A

10mmHg

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18
Q

Cerebral perfusion pressure

A

CPP = MAP - ICP

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19
Q

In presence of variance between GCS score of upper limb and lower limb (eg E3V4M5 vs E3V4M4) which one should be used for overall GCS

A

the better one E3V4M5

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20
Q

In presence of variance between GCS score of upper limb and lower limb (eg E3V4M5 vs E3V4M4) which one should be used for overall GCS

A

the better one E3V4M5

21
Q

Reversal agent for spirin

A

desmopressin

22
Q

Reversal agent for heparin

A

protamine

23
Q

Reversal agent for dabigatran

A

idarucizumab

24
Q

CI to use of Mannitol

A

Systemic hypotension

25
Q

What med to use in cerebral hypertension secondary to trauma

A

Hypertonic saline
Mannitol
Phenytoin

25
Q

What med to use in cerebral hypertension secondary to trauma

A

Hypertonic saline
Mannitol
Phenytoin

26
Q

How to diagnose brain death

A

No alternative cause (hypothermia, volaemia, glycaemia)

No brainstem reflexes (oculocephalic, corneal, gag reflex)

No response to apnoea testing

27
Q

Neurogenic shock spinal level

A

T6 or higher

28
Q

Neurogenic vs spinal shock

A

Neurogenic: loss of sympathetic tone

Spinal: loss of muscle tone and reflexes post spinal cord injury

29
Q

Central cord syndrome sx

A

Motor loss upper worse than lower

30
Q

Anterior cord syndrome sx

A

Injury to motor and sensory in the anterior cord

Paraplegia + loss of spinothalamic

31
Q

Brown sequard syndrome sx

A

Hemisection of cord
Ipsilateral motor and dorsal column
Contralateral spinothalamic

32
Q

Most common c spine fracture

A

C5

33
Q

Most common c spine subluxation

A

C5 on C6

34
Q

Chance fracture

A

Through spinous process, pedicles and vertebral body

35
Q

How to control arterial bleed

A
  1. apply manual pressure
  2. pressure dressing
  3. manual pressure to proximal artery
  4. consider tourniquet
36
Q

Resus fluid volume calculation post thermal burn

A

2ml * kg * TBSA

or

3ml * kg * TBSA if child

37
Q

Indication for gastric tube in burns patients

A

if >20% tbsa
or
if vomiting

38
Q

Abx in burns

A

Not indicated unless get infection

39
Q

Tetanus in burns

A

give if not immunised

40
Q

Medical mx for rhabdo treatment

A

IV fluids
Mannitol (free radical scavanger and osmotic diuretic washing out myoglobin)

41
Q

Frostbite management

A

warm water 40 degrees
warm fluids to drink
Analgesia

42
Q

Def of hypothermia vs severe hypothermia

A

Hypothermia: <36
Severe: < 32

43
Q

Estimating child’s weight

A

2*age + 10

44
Q

Position of needle decompression in children

A

2nd intercostal space midclavicular line (not changed like adults has to 5th intercostal mid axillary)

45
Q

Escalation ladder for venous access in paeds

A
  1. 2 attempts at peripheral cannulas
  2. Intraosseus
  3. femoral
45
Q

Escalation ladder for venous access in paeds

A
  1. 2 attempts at peripheral cannulas
  2. Intraosseus
  3. femoral
46
Q

Changes to FBC and clotting in pregnancy

A

Increased:
- WCC, RBC, Clotting factors,

Decreased:
- Hct, PT and APTT (but bleeding and clotting times unchanged)

47
Q

When to give Rh immunoglobulins to pregnant

A

if Rh negative

48
Q

Which side should a pregnant woman be monitored on

A

Left side to avoid IVC compression

ATLS course (1 decks)

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