Elderly care

Question 1

Causes of falls in the elderly

Answer 1

Postural drop, Syncope (Vasovagal + Arrhythmia), Vertigo, Hypoglycaemia, Mechanical, Neuropathy

Question 2

Things to examine in an elderly faller

Answer 2

L/S BP, Heart sounds, Volume status, Visual acuity, Lower limb neurology, Cerebellar signs, AMT

Question 3

Investigations in an elderly faller

Answer 3

Bloods (FBC, U+E, CRP, Glucose), ECG, CT, Echo, EEG

Question 4

Management steps in an elderly faller

Answer 4

Meds review, Walking aids, Vision aids, Bone protection

Question 5

Sequelae of falls in the elderly

Answer 5

Hypothermia, Pressure sore, Dehydration, Malnutrition

Question 6

Types of urinary incontince

Answer 6

Stress, Urge, Functional, Neurogenic

Question 7

Causes of urinary incontince

Answer 7

Diuretics, Uterine prolapse, Atrophic vaginitis, Prostate surgery, MS, DM, Stroke, Parkinson’s

Question 8

Management of stress incontinence

Answer 8

Pelvic floor exercises, Duloxetine, Sling procedure

Question 9

Management of urge incontinence

Answer 9

Bladder training, Anti-muscarinics (oxybutynin)

Question 10

Management of atrophic vaginitis

Answer 10

Estriol cream

Question 11

Symptoms of dementia

Answer 11

Amnesia, Agnosia, Apathy, Apraxia, Aphasia

Question 12

Symptoms of Lewy body dementia

Answer 12

Visual hallucinations, Fluctuating symptoms, Parkinsonism

Question 13

Investigations for dementia

Answer 13

MRI brain, SPECT, DAT scan

Question 14

Management of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 14

Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil), Memantine

Question 15

Management of dementia

Answer 15

Home modifications, Modify vascular risk factors