Elderly Flashcards
Give an overview of transient ischaemic attacks
Blockage of blood supply to part of brain for < 24 hrs
Start aspirin immediately (300mg OD)
Investigations: bloods, carotid doppler, CT/MRI
Treatment: treat high cholesterol and HTN, surgery for carotid artery disease, antiplatelets
What is the ABCD2 score
Risk of stroke following a TIA
Age
Blood pressure
Clinical features
Duration
Diabetes
What is a crescendo TIA
2+ TIAs in one week
High risk of stroke
What is a stroke
Sudden onset of focal neurological deficit lasting > 24 hrs, or with imaging showing brain infarct/haemorrhage
What are the classes of stroke
Total anterior circulation infarct (TACI)
Partial anterior circulation stroke (PACI)
Lacunar stroke (LACI)
Posterior circulation stroke (POCI)
What is the NIHSS for stroke based on
Level of consciousness
Language
Neglect
Visual field loss
Extraocular movements
Motor strength
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Sensory loss
Which conditions may mimic stroke
Seizures
Space occupying lesion
Hemiplegic migraine
Multiple sclerosis
Sepsis
What are the types of urinary incontinence
Stress: small volumes leak during coughing/laughing, more common in women
Urge: frequent voiding, nocturnal incontinence, due to detrusor overactivity/obstruction
Overflow: due to urinary retention
Functional: cognitive impairment/behavioural problems
What do you need for a complete urinary continence examination
Bladder and bowel diary
Abdominal examination
Urine dipstick and MSU
PR examination
External genitalia review
Post-micturition bladder scan
What is the management for urinary incontinence
First line: decaffeinated drinks, good bowel habits, improve oral intake, regular toileting, pelvic floor exercises, bladder retraining
Second line: pads, anticholinergics
How is the cause of death listed on a death certificate
1a - cause of death
1b - condition leading to cause of death
1c - additional condition leading to 1b
2 - any contributing factors or conditions
What are the components of a comprehensive geriatric assessment
Problem list
Medication review
Nutritional status
Mental health
Functional capacity
Social circumstances
Environment
