Elbow, wrist and hand Flashcards
Function of the elbow
to shorten the length of the arm
to allow the hand to be moved towards and away from the body
holds elbow at 90 degrees
Bones that make up the elbow?
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Humero-ulnar joint
Bones
Joint type
Movement
Bones - humerus and ulnar
Joint type - hinge
Movements - flexion/extension
Humero-radial joint
Bones
Joint type
Movement
Bones: humerus and radius
joint type: hinge
Movements: flexion/extension
Where is the synovial membrane for the elbow attached?
Attaching to the articular margins of the humerus and ulna lining the joint capsule, reflected onto the humerus to cover the coronoid and radial fossae anteriorly and the olecranon fossa posteriorly.
What is the posterior fat pad of the elbow
the visualisation of a lucent crescent of fat located in the olecranon fossa on a true lateral view of an elbow joint with the elbow flexed ata right angle indicating and elbow joint effusion.
Medial collateral ligament of the elbow.
- Runs from medial epicondyle of humerus to the medial side of coranoid process and olecranon process
- Between humerus and ulna
- Prevents side ways movement
- Resist varus and valgus strain
Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow
Attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle and distally to the lateral ulna and annular ligament
Annular ligament of elbow
Encompasses radial head at the radial notch and hold it against the ulna
Interosseous membrane of the elbow
o Broad flat membrane is located between the radius and ulna for most of their length
o Connective fibres between ulna and radius
Ligaments of the elbow
medial collateral ligament
lateral collateral ligament
annular ligament
Elbow flexors muscles
Bicep brachia short head
bicep brachia long head
brachialis
brachioradialis
Bicep brachii (short head) origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
Origin: coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve
main actions: flexion, supination, abduction, internal rotation
Bicep brachii (long head) origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Nerve supply: musculocutaenous nerve
Main actions: flexion, supination, abduction, internal rotation
Brachialis
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin: Distal anterior surface of the humerus
insertion: Coranoid process of the ulna
nerve supply: musuloccuntaneous nerve
main actions: Flexion,
Brachioradialis
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin: distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and the lateral intermuscular septum
insertion: Lateral part of the styloid process of the radius
nerve supply: radial nerve
main actions: Flexion, Supination, pronation
Elbow extensor muscles
Tricep Brachii (medius) Tricep brachii (long head) Tricep brachia (lateral head) Anconeus
Tricep Brachii (medial head) origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Posteromedial surface of the distal humerus below the radicle groove and the medial intermuscular septum
insertion, Olecranon process of the ulna via the triceps tendon
nerve supply, radial nerve
main actions, extension
Tricep brachii (long head) origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
insertion, Olecranon process of the ulna via the triceps tendon
nerve supply, Radial never
main actions extension, adduction
Tricep brachii (lateral head) origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Posterolateral surface of the distal humerus below the radicle groove and the lateral intermuscular septum
insertion, Olecranon process of the ulna via the triceps tendon
nerve supply. radial nerve
main actions, extension, adduction
Anconeus
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion, Lateral side of the olecranon and superior part of the posterior ulna distally
nerve supply. Radial nerve
main actions, extension
Supinators of the elbow
bicep brachii (short head) bicep brachii (long head supinator
Supinator
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Supinator crest and the fossa of the ulna
insertion, Lateral one-third of the proximal radius
nerve supply. radial nerve
main actions, supination
Pronators of the elbow
pronator quadratura
pronator teres
Pronator Quadratus
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Anterior surface of the distal ulna
insertion, Anterior surface of the distal radius
nerve supply. median nerve
main actions, pronation
Pronator teres
origin, insertion, nerve supply. main actions
origin, Medial epicondyle of the humerus. the coronoid process of the ulna
insertion, Lateral radius distal to the insertion of the supinator muscle
nerve supply. Median nerve
main actions, Flexion, Pronation
Bones of the hand
distal phalanges intermediate phalange proximal phalanges metacarpals carpals
trapezium trapezoid scaphoid hamate pisiform triquetrum lunate
Joint of the hand
Radialcarpal joint mid carpal joint carpometacarpal joint (CMC) Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Proximal Interphalangeal joint (PIP) Distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
Ligaments of radio carpal and metacarpal
Volar radio crupal ligaments dorsal radio carpal ligament scapholunate interosseous ligament lunotriquetral ligament Doral inter carpal ligament
ligaments of the carpometacarpal joints (CMC)
transverse MC joint
volar longitudinal ligaments
dorsal longitudinal ligaments
Metacarpophalgeal joint ligaments
proper collateral ligament
accessory collateral ligaments
deep transverse ligament
volar plate
Range of movements at the wrist
flexion 0-85
extension 0-80
radial deviation 0-20
ulnar deviation 0-45
Extrinsic finger muscles
plexus polliis longus abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicia extenso5 digiti minimi
Flexor pollicis longus
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Interosseous membrane and the anterior surface of the radius
insertion, Palmar side of the distal phalanx of the 1st
nerve supply, median nerve
main actions, Abduction of wrist, Flexion of CMC/MCP/IP
Abductor pollicis longus
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Middle one third of the posterior surface of the radius and ulna
insertion, Base of the 1st metacarpal bone at the radial side
nerve supply, radial nerve
main actions, Abduction RC/CMC of 1st
Extensor pollicis longus
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Posterolateral surface of the ulna
insertion, Base of the distal phalanx of the 1st
nerve supply, Posterior interosseous nerve
main actions, Extensions of wrist, Adduction of CMC of 1st , Extension of MCP/IP of 1st
Extensor pollicis brevis
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Posterior surface of the distal radius
insertion, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st
nerve supply, Posterior interosseous nerve
main actions, Abduction of RC, Extensions of CMC/MCP of 1st
Extensor indicia
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Posterlatral surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
insertion, Tendons join the extensor digitorum tendon to 2nd digit and insert into the posterior digital expansion
nerve supply, posterior interosseous nerve
main actions, Extension of wrist, Extension of MCP/PIP/DIP of 2nd
Extensor digiti minimi
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion, Doral digital expansion and the extensor digitorum tendon of the 5th
nerve supply, Posterior interosseous nerve
main actions, Extension of wrist, Abduction of MCP/PIP/DIP of 5th, Extension of MCP/PIP/DIP of 5th
intrinsic finger muscles
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis
adductor pollicis oblique
Abductor pollicis brevis
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Scaphoid and trapezium brevis
insertion, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st digit
nerve supply, median nerve
main actions, abduction of CMC of 1st
flexor pollicis brevis
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Superficial head: the flexor retinaculum
Deep head: the capitate and trapezium bones
insertion, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st
nerve supply, median nerve
main actions, Flexion of CMC/MCP of 1st
Opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Trapezium and the flexor retinaculum
insertion, Radial margin of the shaft of 1st metacarpal bone
nerve supply, median nerve
main actions, opposition of then CMC
adductor pollicis oblique
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Capitate bones, the bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
insertion, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st
nerve supply, ulnar nerve
main actions, Adduction of CMC of 1st, Flexion of MCP
hypothenar muscles in the hand
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minmi
opponens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Pisiform bone
insertion, Base of the 5th proximal phalanx on the ulnar side
nerve supply, Ulnar Nerve
main actions, Flexion of 1st, Extension of PIP/DIP
flexor digiti minimi
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
insertion, Base of 5th proximal phalanx
nerve supply, ulnar nerve
main actions, Flexion at CMC/MCO of 5th
opponens digiti minimi
origin, insertion, nerve supply, main actions
origin, Hook of the hamate and the flexor retinaculum
insertion, Ulnar margin of the 5th metcarpal bone
nerve supply, Ulnar nerve
main actions, Opposition of 5th
interosseous muscles of the hand
first palmar interosseous second palmar interosseous third palmar interosseous second dorsal interosseous third dorsal interosseous fourth dorsal interosseous
