Elbow Pathology & Special Tests Flashcards
medial epicondylalgia (golfers elbow)
Pain over medial epicondyle (pronators teres, FCR, FCU, FD) that worsens with squeezing activities and repetitive pronation
medial epicondylalgia (golfers elbow) special tests
-Palpation Tenderness along medial epicondyle and common Flexor tendon/ muscles
-Discomfort with elbow extension with wrist extension both active and passive ROM= Stretch
-Pain with resisted wrist flexion and forearm pronation
Lateral epicondylagia (tennis elbow)
Pain over lateral epicondyle (ECRB, ECRL, ED, EDM) that worsens with grip or repetitive finger flexion
Lateral epicondylagia (tennis elbow) special tests
-Pain on palpation of the common extensor tendon especially over ECRB
-Pain with resisted wrist extension (Cozen’s test)
-Pain on stretch of the wrist extensors (Mill’s test)
-Grip strength with dynamometer painful and limited
medial valgus stress overload
-Pain over medial elbow and posterior aspect of olecranon
-Increased valgus of elbow
-Pronator mass hypertrophy
-Loss of extension rom
medial valgus stress overload special tests
-Pain on palpation
-Pain with valgus stress at elbow
MCL tear (partial/full)
-Pain along medial elbow
-Swelling
-Bruising
MCL tear (partial/full) special tests
-Palpation tenderness medial elbow
-Excessive movement and /or pain valgus mobility
-Increased mobility and/or pain with moving valgus stress test
loose body (olecranon fracture or osteoarthritis)
-Pain
-Stiffness
-Catching/locking (Unable to fully extend elbow)
loose body (olecranon fracture or osteoarthritis) special tests
-May be able to reproduce locking
-Dependent on subjective history and r/o other dysfunction
fracture
-Pain
-Swelling
-Loss of ROM
fracture special tests
-4 way Rom test
-Elbow extension test
Cubital tunnel syndrome
Numbness and tingling ulnar nerve distribution distal to elbow
- Positional complaints
- Trauma to elbow region
- Repetitive elbow flexion tasks
- Valgus stress
cubital tunnel syndrome special tests
-Atrophy of muscles supplied by ulnar nerve (FCU, FDP 4 and 5, Hypothenar m., ADD pollicis, lumbrical 4 and 5, dorsal and palmar interossei)
-Palpation tenderness ulnar groove
-Pressure provocation test
-Flexion test
-Combined pressure provocation and flexion test
-Tinels sign
Little league elbow
-Medial sided elbow pain
-Decreased throwing speed or distance
-Point tenderness
-Effusion
-Flexion contracture (noted up to 15 degrees)
Little league elbow special tests
-Palpation Pain
-Change in carrying angle
-Limited elbow extension
bicep tendon rupture
-Weakness
-Swelling
-Visible bruising
-Gap may be noticed
bicep tendon rupture special tests
-Bicep squeeze test
-Bicipital aponeurosis flex test
-Hook Test + Passive forearm pronation test +Biceps crease interval
pulled elbow (nursemaids elbow)
-Painful movement of elbow including pronation and supination
pulled elbow (nursemaids elbow) special tests
-Limited pronation and supination of forearm
MEDIAL EPICONDYLALGIA. (GOLFER’S ELBOW) RISK FACTORS
Overuse syndrome associated with repetitive gripping
LATERAL EPICONDYLALGIA
(TENNIS ELBOW) RISK FACTORS
Overuse syndrome, often associated with repetitive finger flexion or isometric stabilization of wrist with grip, Often associated with C5 pathology
MEDIAL VALGUS STRESS OVERLOAD RISK FACTORS
Associated with overhead athletes
MCL TEAR (PARTIAL/ FULL) RISK FACTORS
Trauma with valgus stress or repetitive stress (throwing) - May have heard a pop
