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UM - UQ > Elbow Imaging and Surgeries > Flashcards

Elbow Imaging and Surgeries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 1st image of choice for an elbow

A

Radiographs

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2
Q

What are the sample standard elbow imaging views (listed)

A

AP
Lateral
Oblique

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3
Q

What do you see in an AP View of the elbow

A
  • HR and HU joint spaces
  • Superimposition of olecranon behind the trochlea
  • carrying angle
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4
Q

What do you see in a Lateral View of the elbow

A
  • olecranon and coranoid process
  • Radial heads
  • Tear drop shape (superimposed medial and lateral epicondyles)
  • Sail sign if occult fx
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5
Q

What is the sail sign

A

anterior fat pad sign represents an intra-articular fracture

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6
Q

What do you see in an Oblique Internal Rotation View of the elbow

A
  • best view of coranoid process
  • olecranon is in fossa
  • view the space between the trochlea and notch
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7
Q

What do you see in an Oblique External Rotation View of the elbow

A
  • radial head, neck, and tuberosity
  • lateral epicondyle
  • HR and HU joint spaces
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8
Q

In which X-ray view is the forearm
a. supinated
b. pronated

A

a. oblique external rotation
b. oblique internal rotation

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9
Q

What do you see in an AP Forearm radiograph

A

entire radius, ulna & wrist w/normal bowing and contour of the shafts shown

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10
Q

What do you see in a lateral forearm radiograph

A
  • superimposition of radius and ulna
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11
Q

What is a CT scan beneficial for

A
  • viewing a complex fracture to help with surgical planning
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12
Q

What is an MRI good for

A

Viewing inflammation –> bright white is not good

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13
Q

Supracondylar fx

A
  • above the condyles
  • 2nd most common in children
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14
Q

Transcondylar fx

A
  • across the condyles
  • more common in the elderly
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15
Q

Intercondylar fx

A
  • splitting the condyles in a Y or T shape
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16
Q

Condylar fx

A
  • medial or lateral
  • uncommon in adults, but can be seen in children
17
Q

Articular fx

A
  • trochlea or capitulum but rare in all age groups
18
Q

Epicondylar fx

A
  • uncommon in adults but can be from a direct blow
  • typically as an avulsion fx in children
19
Q

What is Cubical Varus?

A
  • a gunstock deformity best seen with the elbow extended
  • correct w/ wedge osteotomy
20
Q

What are surgical options for a simple radial head fx

A
  • ORIF
  • fragment excision
  • radial head replacement
21
Q

What are surgical options for a comminuted Fx

A
  • Radial head resection
  • radial head replacement
22
Q

What is a fx of the proximal third of the olecranon

A

Type I olecranon fx

23
Q

What is a fx of the middle third of the olecranon

A

Type II olecranon fx

24
Q

What is a fx of the distal third of the olecranon

A

Type III fx

25
Q

What is the most common type of olecranon fx

A

Type II

26
Q

What is done in a distal biceps tendon repair

A

Re-attach biceps tendon ASAP after an injury

27
Q

Protocol Post-Op distal biceps tendon repair

A
  • 2 weeks: immobilized at 90 flexion
  • Gradual towards full extension 6-8 weeks
  • AROM at 6-8 weeks
  • 12 weeks: strengthening
28
Q

When would you do an ulnar nerve transposition surgery

A

When the nerve subluxes and is very copmressed

29
Q

Post-Op Protocol ulnar nerve transposition

A
  • brief immobilization 1-2 weeks
  • full ROM 4 weeks
  • no heavy lifting/repetitive activities for 6 weeks
30
Q

Indications for UCL reconstruction sx

A
  • Failure via non-operative treatment
  • significant dysfunction and persistent pain
  • desire to perform at a higher level
  • understanding of rehab program
31
Q

T or F: There is only one type of UCL reconstruction sx

A

False, there are multiple methods

32
Q

Post-Op Protocol for UCL Reconstruction

A

*VARIES
- extension is more important than flexion
- full flexion at 8 weeks

33
Q

How do you manage dislocations post relocation

A
  • Brief immobilization w/progressive ROM to tolerance as early as 1-2 days post reduction
  • No restrictions on ROM
  • Strengthening at 6 weeks
34
Q

T or F: Total Elbow Arthroplasties are very uncommon

A

True

35
Q

What is the goal of a total elbow arthroplasty

A

Relieve pain and maintain functional ROM

36
Q

What is the expected outcome of a total elbow arthroplasty

A
  • not full ROM
  • no heavy lifting
  • no throwing/impact activities

UM - UQ (5 decks)

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