Elbow Exam

Question 1

Joint capsule

Answer 1

fibers are arranged to provide stabilization in flexion and in full extension
Open pack: 60-70 degrees
Closed pack: full extension

Question 2

Lateral Ligaments

Answer 2

Radial collateral
Annular ligament
Lateral ulnar collateral

Question 3

Radial collateral ligament

Answer 3

resists varus stress
maintains articulation of capitulum and radius

Question 4

Annular ligament

Answer 4

allows IR and ER of radial head on capitulum
Anterior fibers taut in supination
Posterior fibers taut in pronation

Question 5

Lateral ulnar collateral

Answer 5

Most important lateral stabiilizer
Disruption results in rotatory instability

Question 6

Medial Ligaments - Ulnar Collateral

Answer 6

Anterior bundle
Posterior bundle
Transverse bundle

Question 7

Anterior bundle

Answer 7

Taut throughout ROM
Primary restraint against valgus force (overhead throwing)

Question 8

Posterior bundle

Answer 8

Taut in flexion > 90 degrees
Secondary stabilizer past 30 degrees of flexion

Question 9

Transverse bundle

Answer 9

Little support
Originates and inserts on ulna

Question 10

Interosseous Membrane

Answer 10

stabilizer against axial forces applied to wrist

Question 11

Elbow flexors and supinators

Answer 11

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Supinator

Question 12

Biceps Brachii

Answer 12

O: Long head (supraglenoid tubercle of scapula) and Short head (coracoid process of the scapula)
I: Tuberosity of the radius and aponeurosis of the biceps brachii
A: Flex elbow, supinate forearm
IN: Musculocutaneous

Question 13

Brachialis

Answer 13

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: tuberosity of coronoid process of ulna
A: flex the elbow
IN: musculocutaneous, small branch of radial

Question 14

Brachioradialis

Answer 14

O: proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ride of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: Elbow flexion, pronation from supinated position to neutral
IN: Radial

Question 15

Supinator

Answer 15

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, supinator crest of the ulna
I: anterior lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
A: supinate forearm
IN: radial

Question 16

Elbow extensors

Answer 16

Triceps brachii
Anconeus

Question 17

Triceps brachii

Answer 17

O: Long head (infraglenoid tubercle of scapula), Lateral head (posterior surface of proximal 1/2 of humerus), and Medial head (posterior surface of distal half of humerus)
I: olecranon process of the ulna
A: extend elbow, extend shoulder
IN: radial

Question 18

Anconeus

Answer 18

O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: olecranon process and posterior, proximal surface of ulna
A: extend elbow
IN: radial

Question 19

Pronators

Answer 19

Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus

Question 20

Pronator Teres

Answer 20

O: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulan
I: middle of lateral surface of the radius
A: pronate the forearm, assist to flex elbow
IN: median

Question 21

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 21

O: medial anterior surface of distal ulna
I: lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
A: pronate the forearm
IN: median

Question 22

Wrist Extensors

Answer 22

Extensor Carpi Radials Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum

Question 23

Wrist Flexors

Answer 23

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Question 24

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Answer 24

between skin and olecranon process

Question 25

Sub-tendinous bursa

Answer 25

between triceps brachii tendon and olecranon process