Elbow Dislocation Flashcards
What is the epidemiology of elbow dislocations
Occur in young adults
25% of all elbow injuries
How are elbow dislocations defined
Simple or complex
What are complex elbow dislocations associated with
concomitant fractures
Which way do elbows most likely dislocated
Posteriorly - 90%
What are the elbows static stabilisers
humeroulnar joint and the medial and collateral ligaments makes up the primary static stabilisers
radiocapetellar joint, joint capsule, and the common flexor and extensor origin tendons make up the secondary static stabilisers.
what are the dynamic stabilisers of the elbow
musculature of the elbow joint, with the anconeus, brachialis, and triceps brachii
What are the clinical features of elbow dislocations
History of high energy fall
Painful and deformed joint
Swelling
Decreased function
Can have neurovascular problems eg - ulnar nerve neuropraxia
Cap refill can be good regardless of vascular problem due to rich collateral circulation
What are the investigations would you carry out
Plain film radiographs AP and lateral
CT only in those with a fracture
What is the initial management of elbow dislocations
Closed reduction
Ensure enough analgesia
Keep elbow in 90 degree angle
What are the two methods for closed reduction
line traction method or via manipulation of the olecranon
What needs to be done after reduction
plain film radiograph is needed to confirm reduction.
Neurovascular status should be reassessed
What are the next steps after reduction of a simple elbow dislocation
Short period of immobilisation
Early mobilisation
What is the surgical management of elbow dislocations
Only done for complicated dislocations with fractures/neurovascular compromise
ORIF is considered
What are the complications of elbow dislocations
Early stiffness
Loss of terminal extension
Stretching of the ulnar nerve
Recurrent instability
What is the terrible triad
Elbow dislocation with:
Lateral collateral ligament injury
Radial head fracture
Coronoid fracture
