ELBOW & ARM

Question 1

What are the muscles affected in an anterior interosseous nerve injury?

Answer 1

Flexor pollicis Longus
Flexor digitorum

Question 2

What is volkmann ischemic contracture?

Answer 2

Commonly associated with supracondylar fractures.
It is a claw like deformity from the ischemia of compartment syndrome w flexion of the wrist.

Question 3

MOI of supracondylar humerus fracture?

Answer 3

FOOSH w hyperextension of elbow

Question 4

Anterior/posterior fat pad on x-ray in children is associated with?

Answer 4

Supracondylar fracture

Question 5

Anterior/posterior fat pad on x-ray in an adult is associated with?

Answer 5

Radial head fracture.

Question 6

A monteggia Fracture entails?

Answer 6

1) Fracture of proximal 1/3 of the ulnar shaft
2)Radial head dislocation

Question 7

What is a complication of monteggia fracture?

Question 8

What is lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 8

Inflammation of the tendon attachment site of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle

Question 9

What is the MOI of lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 9

Repetitive pronation with wrist extension against resistance.

Question 10

What is medial epicondylitis?

Answer 10

Inflammation of the pronator teres & flexor carpi radialis

Question 11

What is the MOI of medial epicondylitis?

Answer 11

flexion & pronation against resistance

Question 12

What is radial head subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow)?

Answer 12

Longitudinal traction of the arm causes slippage of the annular ligament & wedging b/w the humerus & radial head with radial head displacement.

Question 13

what is the presentation of radial head subluxation?

Answer 13

arm slightly flexed, passive pronation & child refuses to use the arm

Question 14

What are 2 ways radial head subluxation can be reduduce?

Answer 14

1) hyper-pronation
2)supination & flexion

Question 15

A patient w an olecranon fracture will be unable to ?

Answer 15

fully extend elbow elbow (triceps extensor mechanism is lost),

Question 16

Galeazzi Fracture

Answer 16

Distal radial shaft fracture with dislocation of the ulnar radial joint

Question 17

Monteggia Fracture

Answer 17

Proximal ulnar shaft fracture with radial head dislocation

Question 18

Colles fracture

Answer 18

Fall on outstretched hand with wrist extension resulting in distal radial fracture protruding dorsally

Question 19

Smith fracture

Answer 19

FOOSH with wrist flexion result in distal radial feature with volar (palm) angulation

Question 20

Snuff box tenderness

Answer 20

Scaphoid (navicular) fracture

Question 21

Boxer’s fracture

Answer 21

Fracture at the neck of 5th & 4th metacarpal

Question 22

Boxer fracture is treated with a?

Answer 22

Gutter splint

Question 23

Intra-articular two piece fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone

Answer 23

Bennett Fracture

Question 24

Rolando’s Fracture

Answer 24

Intra-articular 3-piece fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone

Question 25

Symptoms of a supracondylar fracture?

Answer 25

elbow pain, swelling, very limited to no range of motion at the elbow

Question 26

Treatment of supracondylar fracture?

Answer 26

Long arm posterior splint followed by long arm casting

Question 27

Symptoms of a radial head fracture?

Answer 27

pain and tenderness on the lateral aspect of the elbow, limited elbow or forearm motion -> particularly supination/pronation

Question 28

Presentation of nursemaid’s elbow?

Answer 28

Child refuse to use arm

elbow held in flexion & forearm pronated

Question 29

nursemaid’s elbow treatment?

Answer 29

The supination-flexion technique (80-92% success)

Question 30

Monteggia fracture is associated with what type of nerve injury?

Answer 30

Radial nerve injury with wrist drop in 17% of patients

Question 31

Treatment of Monteggia fracture?

Answer 31

ALLLL monteggia fracture are unstable & require surgical treatment

Question 32

What nerve is at risk of being injured in both a Smith or Colles fracture?

Answer 32

injure the median nerve

Question 33

Treatment of Colles and Smith fractures?

Answer 33

Longitudinal traction w sugar tong splint

Question 34

Name a worrisome complication of a scaphoid (navicular fracture)?

Answer 34

avascular necrosis