Elbow and Forearm Flashcards
what is the CP for AP/Lateral forearm
perpendicular to the mid forearm
what should the collimation be for an AP/lateral forearm
proximal carpals and distal humerus
what should be the patient positioning for the lateral forearm
in terms of the elbow, wrist, humerus and epicondyles
elbow flexed 90*
wrist in true lateral position
humerus and forearm parallel to the IR
epicondyles superimposed
what is the patient positioning for the AP forearm
in terms of wrist, forearm, elbow and epicondyles
what can be used to help keep the wrist and forearm parallel
wrist, forearm and elbow AP but not over rotated
medial and lateral epicondyles equidistant to the IR
use sponge under wrist
what are the 3 views for an elbow
AP
Lateral
Radial Head
what is the CP for an AP elbow
perpendicular to the mid elbow joint between the medial and lateral humeral epicondyle
what is the CP for a lateral elbow
perpendicular to the midelbow joint at lateral epicondyle
4cm medial to the olecranon
what is the CP for a radial head elbow view
45* cranially from vertical
angled towards the shoulder
what is the patient positioning for the AP elbow
in terms of the interepicondylar plane
arm fully extended and lean laterally
interepicondylar plane parallel to the IR
what is the patient positioning for the lateral elbow
elbow flexed 90*
what is the patient positioning for the radial head elbow view
elbow flexed 90*
palm down
what is the patient positioning critique for the forearm views
AP = arm straight Lateral = arm flexed
what should patient do with their body when positioning for a AP forearm
patient may need to lean back to bring elbow into AP position
what is the area of interest for the AP forearm
in terms f the joints, what shows no rotation, the styloid and tuberosities and olecranon process
carpal bones to distal humerus
both elbow and wrist joint
humeral epicondyles in profile
radial head, neck and tuberosity superimposed by ulna = no rotation
radial styloid process in profile laterally
radial tuberosity in profile medially, radius and ulna run parallel with radial head slightly superimposed on ulna
olecranon process in olecranon fossa
what is the area of interest for the lateral forearm
in terms f the joints, what shows no rotation, the styloid and tuberosities and olecranon process
head of ulna superimposed over radius = lateral wrist
humeral epicondyles superimposed = no rotation
ulnar styloid in profile posteriorly and anterior aspects of the radial head and coronoid process are aligned (humeral epicondyles perpendicular with the IR)
Anterior aspect of the distal scaphoid and the pisiform are aligned
Distal radius and ulna superimposed (Lateral wrist)
what is the area of interest for an AP elbow view
in terms of what shows no rotation, epicondyles, radial head and tuberosity, and elbow joint spaces
No rotation = Bilateral epicondyles in profile, radial head, neck and tuberosity free of superimposition by ulna or slightly superimposed
Medial and lateral humeral epicondyles are demonstrated in profile (humeral epicondyles parallel with the IR)
Radial head slightly superimposed on ulna (humeral epicondyles parallel with the IR)
Radial tuberosity is in profile medially & Radius and ulna are parallel (AP wrist)
Elbow joint space is open, Radial head articulating surface is not demonstrated & Olecranon process is situated within the olecranon fossa (elbow fully extended)
what is the area of interest for a lateral elbow view
in terms of olecranon, joint space, epicondyle
Olecranon process in profile, half of radial head superimposed by coronoid
Joint space open
Epicondyles aligned – you should see a figure 8 pattern. The capitulum and trochlea should be superimposed if true lateral
what is the area of interest for a elbow view
Distal 1/3 humerus, elbow joint and proximal 1/3 radius and ulna
what is the area of interest for a radial head elbow view
in terms of radial head and joint space
The radial head should be free almost from superimposition & projected away from the ulna
The radial head is slightly elongated
Joint space between radial head and capitulum should be open and clear
what is the SID for an elbow/forearm view
100-110cm
what is the kV for an elbow/forearm view
50-60kVp
what is the mAs for an elbow/forearm view
1.5-2.5mAs
are grids used for elbow/forearm views
no grid
