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KNES 360 Exam 3 > Elbow Anatomy > Flashcards

Elbow Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow Bony Anatomy

A
  1. Medial Epicondyle
  2. Lateral Epicondyle
  3. Trochlea
  4. Capitellum
  5. Olecranon Fossa
  6. Ulna
  7. Radius
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2
Q

Radius Anatomy

A 
Proximal:
-Radial Head 
-Radial Tuberosity
-Radial Neck
Distal:
-Ulnar Notch
-Radial styloid process
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3
Q

Ulna Anatomy

A 
Proximal:
-Olecranon 
-Olecranon process
-Coronoid process
-Trochlear notch
-Radial notch
-Ulnar tuberosity
Distal:
-Ulnar styloid process
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4
Q

Elbow articulations

A

Humeroulnar joint: flexion and extension
Humeroradial joint: flexion and extension
Proximal radioulnar joint: pronation and supination

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5
Q

Humeroulnar Joint

A 
Synovial Joint: hinge
Ligaments: Ulnar collateral ligament (3 bundles) -resist values stress
-Anterior
-Posterior
-Transverse (Oblique)
Movements: flexion and extension
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6
Q

Humeroradial Joint

A

Synovial joint: gliding/planar
Ligaments: radial collateral ligament (resists various movement)
Small amount of gliding movement only

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7
Q

Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A

Synovial Joint: pivot
Ligaments: annular ligament
Movements: supination and pronation

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8
Q

Carrying Angle

A

Normal valgus: 10 degree in men, 13 degree in women

evidence of prior trauma

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9
Q

Biceps Brachii (Long Head)

A

O: Supraglenoid tubercle
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Elbow flexion, forearm supination, and shoulder flexion
IN: Musculocutaneous nerve

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10
Q

Biceps Brachii (short head)

A

O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
A: elbow flexion, forearm supination, and shoulder flexion
IN: Muscuolocutaneous nerve

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11
Q

Brachialis

A

O: Lower 2/3 of the anterior side of the surface of the humerus
I: corned process of the ulna
A: Elbow flexion
IN: Muscuolocutaneous nerve

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12
Q

Brachialis v. Biceps Brachii

A

Insertions:
Brachialis: coronoid process (ulna)
Biceps Brachii: radial tuberosity (radius)
Radius “crosses-over” the ulna in forearm pronation/supination
Brachialis force production unaffected by the forearm rotation

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13
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O: Humeral head: medial epicondylar ridge and common flexor tendon
Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
I: middle of lateral surface of radius
A: forearm pronation; assists in elbow flexion
IN: Median nerve

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14
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Borders: Brachioradialis, pronator teres, lines connecting medial and lateral epicondyle
Contents (from lateral to medial) : biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

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15
Q

Triceps (Long head)

A

O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: Olecranon process
A: elbow extension and shoulder extension
IN: Radial nerve

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16
Q

Triceps (Lateral head)

A

O: posterior surface of lateral border of humerus
I: posterior part of olecranon
A: elbow extension
IN: radial nerve

17
Q

Triceps (Medial head)

A

O: posterior lower shaft of humerus
I: olecranon process
A: elbow extension
IN: radial nerve

18
Q

Triceps Brachii Kinesiology

A

Long head of the triceps crosses elbow and shoulder joint

The long head becomes actively insufficient when full elbow extension is attempted w/ shoulder hyperextension

19
Q

Supinator

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; lateral proximal ulna
I: lateral surface of radius
A: forearm supination
IN: radial nerve

20
Q

Flexion

A

movement of forearm to shoulder by bending the elbow to decrease its angle

21
Q

Extension

A

movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle

22
Q

Pronation

A

internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm up to palm down position

23
Q

Supination

A

external rotary movement of radius to ulna that results in hand moving form palm down to palm up position

24
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Lateral, medial, and posterior cords are named in relation to the axillary artery
Lateral cord: lateral to the axillary artery
Medial cord: medial to the axillary artery
Posterior cord: posterior to the axillary artery

25
Q

Major nerve braces in arm

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve: elbow flexors
Radial Nerve: elbow, wrist, and finger extensors / forearm supinators
Median Nerve: wrist, thumb, and finger flexors / forearm pronators
Ulnar nerve: wrist and finger flexors

26
Q

UCL - Anterior Bundle

A

Anterior portion of the anterior bundle tightening in elbow extension
Posterior portion of the anterior bundle tightening in elbow flexion
At 90 degrees of flexion, it provides 55% of the resistance to values stress at the elbow.
-UCL is composed of 3 bands: anterior, posterior, and transverse
UCL injury: injured as the result of a valves force from repetitive trauma

27
Q

UCL Sprain

A

Common injury is overhead athletes, particularly baseball pitchers and javelin throwers
Anterior bundle most susceptible
High values torque (64-120 NM) is experienced at the elbow during baseball pitching
UCL has been shown to fail under 34 Nm in laboratory conditions
Importance of muscles

28
Q

Tommy John Surgery

A

1974, 13-3 record
Ruptured ulnar collateral ligament in pitching arm
Asked team physician Frank Jobe to “make up something” to salvage career
Reconstruction using graft from non-pitching arm

29
Q

Post Tommy John Surgery

A

13 more years
164 more wins
Three more all-stars
never missed a start

30
Q

Donor tendons:

A

Palmaris longus
Plantaris
or if both absent,
-33mm x 15 mm strip of achilles tendon

31
Q

Medial Epicondylitis

A

aka golfers elbow/throwers elbow
Cause: repeated forceful flexion of wrist and extreme values torque of elbow
Signs of injury: pain produced w/ revisited flexion and pronation
Point tenderness and mild swelling
Passive movement of wrist seldom elicits pain, but active movement does

32
Q

Little League Elbow

A

Medial Epicondylitis is a portion of this
If caught early, this is the only problem, if not..
-Avulsion of medial epicondyle
-UCL tear
-Fractures on lateral epicondyle
-Compression fractures of olecranon

33
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

A

Tennis elbow
Cause: excessive wrist extension, especially with clenched fist
Sign: pain over outer part of the elbow
Pain with resisted extension and supination

34
Q

Humeral fractures

A 
Radial nerve palsy:
-most at risk- distal 1/3 fractures
-occurs up to 18% of fractures
90% neurapraxis and heal in 3-4 mos
-Exploration indicated: no more recovery in 3-4 mos (clinical or EMG), loss of function with closed reduction, open fractures
35
Q

Elbow dislocation

A

Cause: high incidence in sports cause by fall on outstretched hand with elbow (hyper) extended or severe twist while flexed
Signs: swelling, severe pain, disability
-may be displaced backwards, forward, or laterally
-complication with median and radial nerves and blood vessels
-rupture and tearing of stabilizing ligaments will usually accompany the injury

KNES 360 Exam 3 (2 decks)

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